Izingubo zendabuko e-Oceania zingaphezu nje kwezingubo ezikhangayo nezinemibala: ziyimpawu ebonakalayo yemilando yokhokho, imikhosi engcwele, kanye nendlela yokuphila ehlobene kakhulu nemvelo. Kuleli qophelo lomhlaba, izingubo bezilokhu zihlotshaniswa nesimo sezulu esishisayo, izinsiza ezitholakala esiqhingini ngasinye, kanye nezinkolelo zabantu baso, okudala izinhlobonhlobo zezingubo ezicebile ngezimpawu.
Nakuba imiphakathi eminingi yase-Ocean igqoka izingubo zesimanje namuhla, izingubo zendabuko ziyaqhubeka nokuvela emikhosini, emasikweni, emidansweni, nasemicimbini yamasiko , zigcina ifa elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Izici ezijwayelekile zezingubo zendabuko e-Oceania
Sekukonke, izingubo zendabuko ezivela e-Oceania zinezici ezithile ezitholakala endaweni ezungezile, njengokushisa, umswakama, kanye nemithombo eminingi yemvelo. Izingubo eziningi zenziwe ngezinto ezilula neziphefumulayo ezivela ezitshalweni noma ezilwaneni , ezifanela isimo sezulu lapho inkululeko yokuhamba ibaluleke kakhulu.
Esinye sezinto ezihlala zikhona ukusetshenziswa kwemicu yezitshalo, amaqabunga, namagxolo ukwenza iziketi, izindwangu zokubopha, amashali, kanye nemihlobiso. Izitshalo ezifana nekakhukhunathi, i-pandanus, i-hibiscus, kanye nebhanana ziyacutshungulwa futhi zilukwe ukuze kudalwe izingcezu eziqinile neziguquguqukayo. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zingubo zihlanganiswa nezimbali zemvelo kanye nezimpaphe zezinyoni ukuze kwengezwe ukuthinta kwemikhosi nokubonisa isimo senhlalo.
Esinye isici esiphawulekayo ukusetshenziswa kopende womzimba kanye nama-tattoo anenani elingokomfanekiso . Emasikweni amaningana ase-Oceanic, umzimba uba yindwangu: izimo zejometri, izilwane, noma imidwebo yemvelo idwetshwa ngemibala yezitshalo namaminerali. Kweminye imiphakathi, njengemiphakathi ethile yasePolynesia, ama-tattoo ahlala njalo abonisa isikhundla somuntu, isibindi, noma impumelelo yakhe.
Eziqhingini eziningi, isiko lokushiya izingxenye zomzimba zingamboziwe nalo liyabonwa, into evamile ezindaweni ezifudumele. Noma kunjalo, noma ngabe inani lendwangu lincane, isiko kanye nokubaluleka komphakathi kwengubo ngayinye noma ukuhlobisa kungaba kukhulu. Izingubo zansuku zonke azifani nezingubo zomkhosi, ezigcinelwe imishado, imingcwabo, imikhosi yenkolo, noma imidanso yamaqhawe.
I-Oceania ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamasiko: iPolynesia, iMelanesia, kanye neMicronesia , kanti i-Australia ivame ukufakwa ngenxa yesiko layo lama-Aboriginal kanye neNew Zealand ngenxa yefa layo lamaMāori. Isifunda ngasinye sinezitayela zaso zokugqoka ezihlukile, ezithonywe umlando, umphakathi, kanye nendawo ezungezile yemvelo.
EPolynesia, izingubo ezinemibala egqamile, imiqhele yezimbali, ama-sarong aqoshiwe, kanye nemigexo eyenziwe ngamagobolondo noma imbewu kugqamile. EMelanesia, iziketi ezenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo, izifihla-buso zemikhosi, kanye nemizimba edwetshwe ngemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kuyamangaza.
EMicronesia, izingubo zendabuko zivame ukuba lula futhi zilula, zifanele iziqhingi ezincane ezinesimo sezulu esinomswakama kakhulu, yize zingafani neze nophawu. E-Australia naseNew Zealand, izingubo zigxila kakhulu ekuhlobiseni umzimba, izembatho zesiko, kanye nezakhi zoboya noma izimpaphe , ngezinye izikhathi ezihambisana nama-tattoo.
Izingubo zendabuko zasePolynesia
Isifunda sasePolynesia sihlanganisa unxantathu omkhulu ohlanganisa iziqhingi ezaziwayo njengeHawaii, iSamoa, iTahiti, iTonga, ne-Easter Island. Izingubo zabo zendabuko zihlanganisa indwangu yamagxolo, izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi, izimpaphe, nezindwangu ezidaywe ngemibala ephefumulelwe ulwandle nezitshalo. Cishe kuzo zonke iziqhingi, kukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwezingubo nemidanso yendabuko elandisa izinganekwane, izimpi, nezinganekwane.
EHawaii, olunye lwezimpawu ezibonakala kakhulu yi- lei, umgexo wezimbali ezinephunga elimnandi onikezwa njengesibonakaliso sokwamukela, uthando, noma inhlonipho. Lezi zigexo zenziwe ngezimbali ezintsha, amaqabunga, imbewu, noma ngisho namagobolondo, futhi zigqokwa kokubili emikhosini nasemicimbini yezivakashi. Aziyona nje imihlobiso: isipho sazo sinokubaluleka okujulile ngokomzwelo nangokwesiko.
Ngokuphathelene nezingubo zomdanso, isithombe esivamile yileso sesiketi se-hula esenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo , ngokuvamile esivela kumaqabunga e-ti noma i-raffia. Sihambisana ne-top elula noma ibhande lesifuba labesifazane, kanye ne-sarong noma i-loincloth yamadoda. Ngesikhathi semidanso ye-hula yendabuko, izingubo zingase zihlanganise imiqhele yamaqabunga, ama-anklets, namasongo ezitshalo, okuqinisa ukuxhumana nemvelo.
Namuhla, abadansi abaningi bagqoka nama-pareo anemidwebo yezimbali , okuthandwa kakhulu ngabantu bendawo kanye nezivakashi ngokufanayo. Nakuba ukubukeka kusesimanje, umoya uhlala ufana: ukuxoxa izindaba ngomzimba, ngesigqi sezingoma nezigubhu, ukugcina izinganekwane zokhokho babo ziphila.
ESamoa , enye yezingubo ezimele kakhulu yi -lava lava, uhlobo lwesiketi se-sarong noma se-wrap esingagqokwa ngabesilisa nabesifazane. Yindwangu engunxande efakwa okhalweni bese iwela emadolweni noma emaqakaleni. Kuye ngomongo, ingaba sobala, ibe nemidwebo ecashile, noma imiklamo ehlotshiswe kakhulu.
Emicimbini ekhethekile, amadoda angahlanganisa i-lava lava namahembe anemikhono emifushane ngamaphethini ezimbali noma ejiyometri , kuyilapho abesifazane begqoka izinhlobo ezisemthethweni ze-pareo namabhulawuzi ahlotshisiwe. Izingubo zomkhosi zivame ukuhambisana nemigexo yegobolondo, imiqhele yezimbali, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izembatho zamagxolo amahle ahlotshiswe ngemiklamo engokomfanekiso.
Izingubo zendabuko zihlobene kakhulu nesakhiwo senhlalo saseSamoa, lapho ukuhlonipha amakhosi ezizwe namasiko kubaluleke kakhulu. Emicimbini ebalulekile, izingubo zibonisa isimo, ubudlelwano bomndeni, kanye nezinga lomthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini. Ama-tattoo endabuko, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni nasesinqeni, nawo avamile futhi abhekwa njengophawu lokuvuthwa nokuzibophezela kwamasiko.
ETahiti nakwezinye iziqhingi zaseFrench Polynesia, izingubo zendabuko zihlotshaniswa eduze nama -pareo anemibala egqamile kanye nemidwebo ekhangayo . Lezi zindwangu ezilula ziboshwe ngezindlela ezahlukene emzimbeni, zisebenza njengeziketi, izingubo, ama-top, noma ngisho nezingubo zokulala zasebhishi . Amasu okudaya nokunyathelisa adala imiklamo equkethe izimbali, amaqabunga, amagagasi, nezinto ezingabonakali.
Ngesikhathi semidanso nemikhosi, abesifazane bavame ukugqoka ama-pareo ahlanganiswe neziqongo ezenziwe ngamagobolondo, imicu elukiwe, noma indwangu elula , kanye nemiqhele yezimbali emangalisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadoda agqoka iziketi ezenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo, amabhande abanzi, kanye nemihlobiso yezimpaphe, okudala isithombe esiguquguqukayo njengoba sishintsha isigqi sezigubhu.
Emikhosini emikhulu yamasiko aseTahiti, njengemincintiswano yomdanso nomculo, izingubo ziba zinhle kakhulu. Ama-corsets e-fibre, imigexo emikhulu, kanye nezigqoko zekhanda ezinde kakhulu ziyafakwa , okuthuthukisa imizimba yabadansi. Iqembu ngalinye livame ukulungiselela imiklamo yalo, liqinisekisa ukuthi izingubo ziyavumelana nohlelo lomculo kanye nendaba abazoyidlala.
Izingubo zendabuko zaseMelanesia
IMelanesia ihlanganisa izifunda ezifana nePapua New Guinea, iSolomon Islands, iVanuatu, iFiji, neNew Caledonia. Kule ndawo, izingubo zendabuko zivame ukusebenzisa imithombo yemvelo ngobuhlakani: izimpaphe, amaqabunga, amagxolo, amathambo, amagobolondo, kanye nombala wamaminerali . Umphumela uba izingubo ezingabonakala zilula noma ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuye ngesenzakalo.
EPapua New Guinea, ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko kukhulu kakhulu, kanti amakhulu amaqembu ezinhlanga abonisa izitayela ezahlukene zokugqoka. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpaphe zezinyoni zepharadesi, upende wobuso, kanye nezifihla-buso ezimbozwe ngegobolondo kuyinto evamile emikhosini eminingi . Lezi zinto zigcinelwe imikhosi, imidanso yempi, amasiko okuthwasa, kanye nemikhosi ebalulekile yomphakathi.
Iziketi zivame ukwenziwa ngemicu yezitshalo elukiwe, edaywe ngemibala egqamile njengobomvu, ophuzi, noma omnyama . Amadoda angagqoka nemihlobiso yekhala, imigexo yamazinyo ezilwane, amasongo egobolondo, kanye namabhasikidi okuhlobisa aboshelwe emizimbeni yawo. Abesifazane bagqoka imigexo eminingi, iziketi ezinde ezenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinwele zezinwele ezihlotshiswe ngezimbali namaqabunga.
Umzimba uba yinto ebalulekile yengubo: upendwe ngemidwebo yejometri kanye nezimpawu zesizwe , okubonisa umehluko phakathi kwezizwe noma okubonisa ukuhlanganyela emcimbini othile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingubo zendabuko, umculo wedrama, kanye nezingoma kudala umbukwane onamandla obonakalayo nowokuzwa.
Emikhosini yendabuko, abesilisa nabesifazane bangagqoka iziketi ze-masi, ezihambisana namabhande e-fiber, imigexo yegobolondo, kanye nemiqhele yamaqabunga . Imibala evelele ivame ukuba imibala yomhlaba, emhlophe, kanye nsundu, enemininingwane emnyama noma ebomvu. Ngaphezu kwe-masi, kuvamile ukubona iziketi zamaqabunga esundu kanye nemihlobiso yezimbali, ikakhulukazi emikhosini yomphakathi.
Izingubo nazo zibonisa isikhundla emphakathini kanye nohlobo lomkhosi: izingubo zansuku zonke azifani nalezo ezigqokwa emishadweni, emikhosini yokwamukela, noma emicikilishweni ye-kava (i-kava iyisiphuzo sendabuko). Kule micimbi, izingubo ziyisibonakaliso sokuhlonipha izivakashi kanye nokhokho.
Izingubo zendabuko zaseMicronesia
IMicronesia ihlanganisa iziqhingi eziningi ezincane, okuhlanganisa neMibuso Ebumbene yaseMicronesia, iGuam, iziQhingi zaseMarshall, iPalau, neKiribati. Ezindaweni eziningi zalezi zindawo, izingubo zendabuko ziye zathathelwa indawo kakhulu yizingubo zaseNtshonalanga, kodwa zisagqokwa emikhosini yamasiko nasemikhosini esemthethweni. Izingubo zabo zendabuko zibonakala ngokuba lula, ezisebenzayo, futhi ezifanelana neziqhingi ezinezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.
Eziqhingini eziningana zaseMicronesia, abesifazane babegqoka iziketi ezenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo ngokomlando, kuyilapho imizimba yabo engaphezulu ingaba nqunu noma imbozwe ngezindwangu ezilula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadoda ayevame ukugqoka izindwangu ezenziwe ngamaqabunga noma izindwangu ezilula , eziboshwe ngemicu noma ngamabhande ezintambo. Ngemicimbi ekhethekile, babefaka imigexo, amasongo, kanye nezigqoko zekhanda ezenziwe ngamagobolondo nezimpaphe.
EPalau nakwezinye izindawo, izingubo zomkhosi zihlanganisa izindwangu ezinamaphethini, ngezinye izikhathi ezinemidwebo ebonisa izinhlanzi, izikebhe, nezinto zasolwandle , okubonisa ukubaluleka kolwandle empilweni yansuku zonke. Imiqhele yezimbali kanye nemigexo yembewu nakho kuvame ukubonakala, okwengeza umbala emidansweni yemikhosi kanye nemibuthano.
Namuhla, eziningi zalezi zinto zendabuko zihlanganiswa nezingubo zesimanje, okuholela esitayeleni esihlanganisiwe. Noma kunjalo, emicimbini esemthethweni, izingubo zendabuko zigcina inani lazo njengophawu lobunikazi bamasiko kanye nokuziqhenya komphakathi , futhi zivame ukufundiswa izizukulwane ezintsha ezikoleni nasemikhosini.
Izingubo zokugqoka zendabuko kanye nemihlobiso yaboMdabu base-Australia
E-Australia, isiko labomdabu linobudlelwano obukhethekile nomzimba nezingubo. Ngokomlando, imiphakathi eminingi yayihlala nezingubo ezimbalwa kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sezulu, kodwa yayivala lokhu kulula okubonakalayo ngopende womzimba, izimpaphe, amaribhoni, imigexo, nezinto zemikhosi . Umklamo ngamunye odwetshwe esikhumbeni unencazelo ejulile ehlobene nomhlaba nezindaba ezingcwele.
Imidwebo yenziwe ngemibala yemvelo efana ne-ocher ebomvu, ubumba olumhlophe, amalahle, noma ophuzi bamaminerali, efakwa emigqeni, amachashazi, kanye nezimo zejometri . Le mihlobiso isetshenziswa emikhosini yokuthwasa, emidansweni yemicikilisho, emingcwabeni, nasemikhosini yomphakathi. Ukuhlelwa kwemidwebo nombala wayo kungabonisa ubulungu eqenjini elithile, ukuxhumana nendawo engcwele, noma ukuhlanganyela ohlotsheni oluthile lomkhosi.
Ngaphezu kokupenda umzimba, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpaphe, izikhumba zezilwane, amabhande efayibha, kanye nemihlobiso yezinwele kuvamile . Kwezinye izindawo, ama-capes enziwe nge-kangaroo noma ezinye izikhumba zezilwane awasetshenziswa nje kuphela ekufudumaleni kodwa futhi njengezinto zodumo. Imigexo yamagobolondo, amathambo, noma imbewu iqedela iqembu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zemikhosi.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, abantu abaningi base-Australia abangama-Aboriginal bagqoka izingubo zaseNtshonalanga ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke, kodwa bavuselela imihlobiso yendabuko kanye nopende womzimba wemikhosi yamasiko kanye nemidlalo . Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ubuhle obuhlukile obuhlobene nezwe, isizwe, kanye nezindaba ze-DreamTime, indawo yezinganekwane zabo eziyisisekelo.
Imvunulo yendabuko yamaMaori evela eNew Zealand
ENew Zealand, abantu baseMāori bathuthukise isitayela sendabuko esihlukile nesibonakala kalula, esibonakala ngezingqimba zemicu nezimpaphe, amabhande alukiwe, kanye nama-tattoo ebusweni . Nakuba kuhambisana nemfashini yesimanje, ingubo yendabuko yamaMāori isalokhu iyinto ebalulekile emikhosini nasemicimbini esemthethweni.
Enye yezingubo ezivelele kakhulu ingubo 'ye-korowai', eyenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo futhi ihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe . Lezi zingubo zenziwe ngezandla kusetshenziswa indlela yokuluka enzima kakhulu edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ukugqoka i-korowai emcimbini kuwuphawu lodumo nenhlonipho, futhi ngokuvamile kugcinelwe abantu abanendima ebalulekile emphakathini.
Esinye isici esibalulekile yi- tattoo yamaMāori, noma 'i-moko,' ikakhulukazi i-tattoo yobuso kwabesilisa kanye ne-tattoo yesilevu kwabanye besifazane. Nakuba kungezona izingubo kuphela, yakha ingxenye yokubukeka kwendabuko futhi iveza uhlu lozalo, isikhundla, kanye nempumelelo yomuntu siqu. Ngemicimbi yemikhosi, i-moko ihlanganiswa nengubo yendabuko, umdanso, kanye nengoma, okudala isithombe esihlaba umxhwele. Umsebenzi wezenhlalo kanye nowemikhosi wezingubo e-Oceania
Lo mhlaba wonke weziketi zefayibha, imiqhele yezimbali, ama-feather capes, upende womzimba, kanye nama-tattoo kwenza izingubo zendabuko zase-Oceania zibe ngenye yezindlela ezicebile nezihlukahlukene kakhulu zamasiko emhlabeni, isibuko esibonisa isimo sezulu, umlando, kanye nokuxhumana okujulile nomhlaba nolwandle okwabelwana ngakho yimiphakathi yalesi sifunda esikhulu.