Uma ufuna ulwazi mayelana nezinkathi ezine zaseCartagena de Indias , into yokuqala okufanele uyiqonde ukuthi idolobha alinawo umjikelezo ojwayelekile wentwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla, kanye nobusika njengaseYurophu noma ingxenye enkulu yeNyakatho Melika. Ngenxa yendawo yalo eseduze ne-equatorial, iColombia kanye nogu lwaseCaribbean zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile: lapha, imvula, umswakama, kanye nemimoya yezohwebo yizona zinto eziyinhloko , kunokuba kube nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe.
Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa "izinkathi" ezihlukile noma izikhathi zezulu unyaka wonke, kokubili ngokwezinga likazwelonke (ubusika obunemvula kanye nehlobo elomile) futhi, ikakhulukazi, eCartagena uqobo, lapho izikhathi ezine ezihlukene ziqashelwa khona ngokusekelwe ekujuleni kwemvula kanye namandla omoya. Ukuqonda le mijikelezo kuzokusiza ukhethe inyanga engcono kakhulu yokuhamba, wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyipakishe, futhi uhlele kangcono imisebenzi yakho, kusukela ekuhambeni eDolobheni Eligoqiwe kuya ekucwileni emanzini eziQhingini zaseRosario.
Kungani iCartagena ingenazo intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla kanye nobusika?
EColombia, ikakhulukazi eCartagena de Indias, izinkathi ezine zakudala njengoba ziqondwa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile zeplanethi azikho. Leli zwe liseduze kakhulu ne-Equator, enkabeni yezindawo ezishisayo, okusho ukuthi imisebe yelanga ayiguquguquki unyaka wonke. Esikhundleni sokubona izinguquko zokushisa zesizini, okuhlukahluka ngempela inani lemvula kanye nomswakama.
Nakuba eYurophu noma eSouthern Cone abantu bekhuluma ngentwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla, kanye nobusika , ngasinye sinezinyanga ezintathu kanye nezici ezizinzile, eColombia abantu bavame ukuhlukanisa unyaka ngezikhathi ezimbili eziyinhloko: ubusika (isizini yemvula) kanye nehlobo (isizini eyomile). Lawa amagama athandwayo angahlobene nhlobo nokubanda noma ukushisa kwendabuko, kodwa kunalokho ngokuthi lina kakhulu noma alina nhlobo.
Ezindaweni eziseduze ne-equator, njengengxenye enkulu yeColombia, izinga lokushisa lihlala lizinzile . Okushitshayo ngempela yiphethini yemvula. Ngakho-ke, yize i-equinox yasentwasahlobo neyasekwindla yenzeka ngezinkanyezi, imiphumela yazo esimweni sezulu ayibonakali empilweni yansuku zonke ezweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi eColombia, isimo sezulu asinqunywa yikhalenda, kodwa kunalokho yisimo sendawo kanye nezindawo ezishisayo . Emathafeni aphezulu nasezintabeni, kubanda njalo; emathafeni nasezindaweni ezisogwini, kushisa unyaka wonke; futhi ezindaweni ezifana neCartagena, izinga lokushisa lizinzile impela. Okuchaza ulwazi lwakho edolobheni akusikho kakhulu ukuthi kunguJanuwari noma u-Agasti, kodwa ukuthi uphakathi nenkathi yesomiso, ngesikhathi semvula, noma esikhathini sokushintsha esinesikhathi esifushane sesomiso.
Lokhu kungafani nezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile kuyamangaza: eYurophu, isibonelo, ubusika buletha amazinga okushisa aphansi, iqhwa, kanye nezinsuku ezimfushane kakhulu ; ihlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lisho ukushisa, ilanga, namaholide. ECartagena, ilanga liphuma cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo unyaka wonke, ubude bosuku abushintshi kangako, futhi izinga lokushisa liyashintshashintsha ngaphakathi kwebanga elincane kakhulu. Okuzoqaphela kakhulu yizimvula ezinkulu noma isibhakabhaka esicwebezelayo ngokuphelele.
“Izinkathi” ezine eCartagena de Indias ngokusho kwesimo sezulu
Ngale kokuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kweColombia phakathi kobusika nehlobo, izifundo zesimo sezulu ezenziwa edolobheni (ikakhulukazi ngamarekhodi esiteshi sezindiza saseRafael Núñez kanye ne-Admiral Padilla Naval School) zisivumela ukuthi sibone ngokucacile izinkathi ezine zonyaka eCartagena , ezichazwa yimvula nomoya:
"Isizini" yokuqala yisizini eyinhloko yesomiso , eqala ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli . Phakathi nalezi zinyanga, imimoya yezohwebo yasenyakatho-mpumalanga ivunguza kakhulu, isibhakabhaka sihlala sicacile kakhulu, futhi imvula ayitholakali noma ayikho. Lesi yisikhathi lapho abahambi abaningi abasibheka njengesona sizathu esihle sokuvakashela idolobha: izinsuku ezinelanga, ulwandle oluzolile lokuhamba ngesikebhe (nakuba lunezimvula ezincane zokushushuluza), kanye nesimo esifanelekile sokuhlola iDolobha Elibiyelwe Ngodonga nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi kuza isizini encane yemvula , evame ukuqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni . Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imimoya yezohwebo iyancipha, umswakama ukhuphuka kakhulu, futhi kuqala izimvula zasezindaweni ezishisayo, ngokuvamile ngesimo semvula emifushane kodwa enamandla . Ulwandle luvame ukuzola kancane phakathi nalesi sigaba kunasesikhathini esomile, okuyinto elungele imidlalo yasemanzini, yize kungenzeka ukuthi kube nemvula engazelelwe.
Isizini yesithathu yiso esibizwa ngokuthi isizini encane eyomile , eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ihlobo laseNdiya , futhi senzeka phakathi kukaJulayi no-Agasti . Akusona isomiso esiphelele, kodwa isikhathi semvula engajwayelekile futhi engajwayelekile, kuhlanganiswe nemimoya eshintsha indlela, ikakhulukazi evela enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga. Cishe ngoJulayi, amandla omoya ayanda futhi, apholise umoya naphezu kokushisa okuqhubekayo.
Ekugcineni, kufika isikhathi semvula esikhulu , esiqala ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba . Lesi yisikhathi esinemvula ephezulu kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kwesivinini somoya . U-Okthoba noNovemba yizinyanga ezibalulekile: ukuhlaziywa kwemvula kukhombisa ukuthi amanani aphezulu angaphezu kuka-600 mm afinyelelwe ngenyanga eyodwa eminyakeni ethile, ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-200 mm.
Le ndlela ibonakala ngokucacile kumarekhodi eRafael Núñez Airport, ngochungechunge lwedatha oluqhubekayo oluqala ngo-1944 kuya ku-2014. Ngo-2010, isibonelo, cishe imvula engu-2.469 mm yaqongelela unyaka wonke , enemvula efinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-158, uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eyomile kakhulu njengo-1983, enemvula enezinsuku ezingu-43 kuphela. Inyanga enemvula eningi kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso, ingu-Okthoba, enezinsuku ezingaba ngu-17, kulandelwe uSepthemba noNovemba; uFebhuwari, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akabhali mvula eningi (inani elimaphakathi lezinsuku zemvula kuleyo nyanga cishe liyi-zero).
Kuye kwabonakala amaphethini afanayo e-Admiral Padilla Naval Academy, nakuba kunedatha engaqhubeki kangako. Lapho, u-2010 wawungunyaka onemvula kakhulu, onemvula ecishe ibe ngu-2.444 mm yonyaka , kanti imvula ephezulu kakhulu yanyanga zonke yabhalwa ngoNovemba walowo nyaka, cishe ingu-549 mm. U-Okthoba uphinde wagqama njengenyanga enemvula ephakeme kakhulu, okuqinisa umqondo wephethini yemvula ye-bimodal : inani eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi nonyaka (ikakhulukazi uMeyi) kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu ekuqaleni kwekota yokugcina (Okthoba-Novemba).
Amazinga okushisa, umswakama kanye nokubanda komoya eCartagena
Uma uke wezwa ukuthi iCartagena iyashisa unyaka wonke, awuphazami: izinga lokushisa liyahlukahluka kancane phakathi kwezinyanga . Imininingwane yesimo sezulu evela ku-IDEAM (Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies) yedolobha ikhombisa izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lonyaka elingaba ngu- 27,8 °C , kanti izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke liba ngu- 31-32 °C kanye nezinga eliphansi elingavamile ukuba ngaphansi kuka -24-25 °C.
Umehluko wezinkathi zonyaka mncane kakhulu: ezinyangeni ezishisa kakhulu, amazinga okushisa aphezulu angafinyelela cishe ku-33°C, kanti ezinyangeni ezipholile azungeze u-30-31°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu alivamile ukuba ngaphansi kuka-18-19°C, ngisho nasekuseni kakhulu. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzoba fudumele kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inyanga injani , futhi ushintsho lwangempela ozolubona luzovela emswakama nomoya.
Umswakama olinganiselwe eCartagena uphakeme kakhulu. Isilinganiso sonyaka sidlula kalula u-80%, futhi ezinyangeni eziningi sidlula u-84-90%. Ngesikhathi sesomiso (uDisemba-Ephreli), sivame ukuzulazula cishe ku-80%, kanti kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuNovemba singasondela ku-100% ezinsukwini ezishisa kakhulu. Yilesi simo "se-sauna esishisayo" esenza amazinga okushisa angu-31°C azizwe ecindezela kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa yi-thermometer.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ngesikhathi sesomiso, imimoya yokuhweba isiza ekwenzeni ukushisa kube lula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ntambama nakusihlwa. Ezinye izivakashi zize zikhulume ngokubanda okuncane ebusuku lapho umoya unamandla, okuyinto exakile uma ubheka ukuthi izinga lokushisa langempela alivamile ukwehla ngaphansi kwama-25°C.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhanya kwelanga, iCartagena ijabulela inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinsuku ezinelanga . Phakathi nezinyanga ezomile, idlula kalula amahora angu-230-270 okukhanya kwelanga ngenyanga; izinyanga ezinemvula ephezulu, njengo-Okthoba, zinciphisa leso sibalo kancane, kodwa noma kunjalo ilanga livame ukuphuma nsuku zonke phakathi kwemvula. Lokhu kuholela ekubalweni okuphezulu kwemisebe ye-UV , okungafinyelela amazinga aphezulu ngisho nalapho isibhakabhaka sinamafu kancane.
Indlela isimo sezulu esiziphatha ngayo inyanga nenyanga nokuthi yini ongayilindela ohambweni lwakho
Uma uhlela uhambo oluya eCartagena, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zikhathi ezine zingena kanjani ekhalendeni elisebenzayo lomhambi. Nakuba isimo sezulu singeyona isayensi eqondile, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphethini esimo sezulu nezinkathi zezivakashi kuvumela umbono obikezelwayo inyanga nenyanga.
Phakathi kukaJanuwari no-Ephreli kulapho kugcwele khona isizini eyomile. Lezi yizinyanga ezinelanga kakhulu, ezinesibhakabhaka esicwebezelayo, umoya opholile, futhi cishe akukho mvula. Amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile azungeze ama-27°C, kanye nokuphakama okucishe kube ama-30°C kanye nokwehla okucishe kube ama-25°C. Yisikhathi esifanele kulabo abafuna ukujabulela ulwandle nokuhambahamba ngaphandle kwezambulela , kodwa futhi kuhambisana nesizini yezivakashi esezingeni eliphezulu: kusukela maphakathi noDisemba kuya maphakathi noJanuwari kanye nangesonto lePhasika, isikhungo somlando singagcwala.
Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti, isizini yemvula iqala futhi iyanda. UMeyi noJuni bayingxenye yesizini yemvula encane: kuba nezimvula ezincane, umswakama uyakhuphuka, futhi ulwandle luba nokuthula, lufanelekela ukushushuluza nokuntywila eziQhingini zaseRosario. UJulayi no-Agasti, ngesikhathi sehlobo laseNdiya, banikeza uhlobo lokuphumula ngemvula encane, umoya omningi kancane, kanye nomuzwa "waphakathi nesizini," yize izinga lokushisa lingashintshi kakhulu.
Bese kuba uSepthemba no-Okthoba , phakathi nenkathi yemvula. Lezi yizinyanga ezingaba yinselele kakhulu ngokwesimo sezulu: izimvula ezinde, amathuba eziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo eCaribbean, kanye nomswakama ongabekezeleleki kwabanye abahambi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu futhi yilapho amanani ehhotela nezindiza ehla kakhulu , futhi idolobha ligcwala kancane, into abaningi abayazisayo.
Ekugcineni, uNovemba noDisemba yizinyanga zokuguquka kanye nokuqala kwesizini entsha eyomile. UNovemba usengaletha imvula enkulu, kodwa ukuthuthuka kancane kancane kwesimo sezulu sekuvele kuyabonakala. UDisemba uhlanganisa ukungazinzi kokuqala kanye nokugqama okucacile kwesibhakabhaka esinelanga maphakathi nenyanga, njengoba nje kuqala imikhosi kaKhisimusi, imikhosi yoSuku Lokuzimela ngoNovemba 11, kanye nokugcwala okukhulu kwezivakashi.
Kunoma ikuphi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isimo sezulu eCartagena singabikezelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (uyazi ukuthi lizokuna kakhulu ngo-Okthoba futhi alinaki nhlobo ngoFebhuwari), kodwa esikhathini esifushane kungamangaza. Ngisho naphakathi nesizini eyomile, imvula enkulu ingaba khona, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimo sezulu zivame ukwethusa ngokubonisa izithombe zemvula cishe nsuku zonke, kanti empeleni kuvame ukuba amahora ambalwa nje emvula alandelwe ukukhanya kwelanga.
Umthelela wesimo sezulu kwezokuvakasha kanye nemisebenzi eCartagena
Izinkathi ezine ezihlukene zaseCartagena zithinta kakhulu uhlobo lohambo ozoba nalo. Ukufika ngoJanuwari, idolobha ligcwele isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuyinto ehluke ngokuphelele ekufikeni ngo-Okthoba, kunamafu amaningi nemigwaqo egcwele amanzi, kodwa indawo yokuhlala kanye nezokuthutha ezingabizi kakhulu .
Ngesikhathi sesizini esomile kakhulu (uDisemba-Ephreli), ezokuvakasha zisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Phakathi kwemikhosi yokuphela konyaka, amaholide esikole eColombia, kanye nemicimbi efana noMkhosi Womculo Wamazwe Ngamazwe, uMkhosi Wamafilimu, kanye noMkhosi We-Hay , idolobha ligcwele imisebenzi eminingi futhi linikeza izinketho eziningi. Yisikhathi esifanele kulabo abajabulela isimo semikhosi futhi abangakhathali ukukhokha okwengeziwe noma ukwabelana ngendawo nezixuku ezinkulu.
Ngesikhathi semvula (Meyi-Novemba), ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyashintsha. UMeyi, uJuni, kanye nengxenye enkulu ka-Agasti kungabhekwa njengesizini yamahlombe: kunomswakama omningi kanye nezimvula, kodwa futhi namanani angcono, ukuminyana okuncane, kanye nesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu sokuhamba ngesikebhe eziqhingini. Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa lezi zinyanga zokuvakashela iziQhingi zaseRosario , njengoba ulwandle luzolile futhi ukubonakala kwamanzi kuthuthuka uma kuqhathaniswa nesizini enomoya.
NgoSepthemba nango-Okthoba , lapho kunemvula enkulu kakhulu, idolobha lingena esizini yalo ephansi. Yilapho ungathola khona amadili amahle kakhulu ngendawo yokuhlala nezindiza, yize uzoba namathuba amaningi okubhekana neziphepho nemigwaqo egcwele amanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, labo abahamba ngalesi sikhathi bajabulela iCartagena engaxinene kakhulu, ngejubane elikhululekile kanye namathuba amaningi okuzwa idolobha ngendlela engokoqobo, ngenkathi futhi besebenzisa imicimbi efana nomkhosi weSan Basilio de Palenque ngo-Okthoba.
Kanye nalokhu kuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, idolobha lihlangabezana nezikhathi eziningana zezivakashi eziphakeme okufanele zikhunjulwe: kusukela maphakathi noDisemba kuya maphakathi noJanuwari, ngesikhathi seSonto Elingcwele (Mashi/Ephreli), maphakathi nonyaka okuhambisana namaholide esikole aseColombia, ngesikhathi samaholide ka-Okthoba, kanye cishe noNovemba 11, lapho ukuzimela kweCartagena kugujwa khona isonto lonke lemikhosi kanye nemibuthano.
Okufanele ukupakishe nokuthi ungakujwayela kanjani isimo sezulu saseCartagena
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufika kusiphi isizini, isimo sezulu saseCartagena sidinga ukupakisha izinhlobo ezithile zemithwalo. Ukuhlanganiswa kokushisa okungaguquki, umswakama ophezulu, kanye nemisebe yelanga enamandla kusho ukuthi izingubo ezifanele nezesekeli kwenza umehluko omkhulu enduduzo yakho yansuku zonke.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha izingubo ezilula neziphefumulayo : izingubo ezincane, ama-t-shirts kakotini, izingubo ezikhululekile, kanye nezindwangu ezingeke zikujulukise ngokweqile. Izicathulo ezivaliwe nezisindayo zivame ukungakhululeki; kunalokho, amasandali akhululekile noma ama-sneakers alula asebenza kangcono kakhulu ekuhambenihamba enkabeni yedolobha kanye nokuya ogwini lolwandle noma echwebeni.
Ukuvikelwa elangeni akunakuxoxiswana ngakho. Phakathi kwe-UV index ephezulu kanye namahora amade okuvezwa uma uchitha usuku phakathi kwezindonga zedolobha, izikwele, kanye nendawo yokuhamba ogwini lolwandle, kuyalulekwa ukugqoka isivikelo selanga esihle esibanzi, isigqoko noma ikepisi, kanye nezibuko zelanga , futhi, uma kungenzeka, isambulela esincane noma i-parasol esetshenziswa kokubili emvuleni kanye nasekunikezeni umthunzi emini.
Ukuhlala unamanzi nakho kubalulekile . Ukuba nebhodlela lamanzi njalo kuzovimbela izimanga ezingathandeki ekushiseni nasemswakama, ikakhulukazi uma ungajwayele lolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu. Phakathi kuka-6 no-8 ntambama, lapho ilanga liqala ukushona, omiyane baba matasa kakhulu, ngakho-ke umuthi ophumelelayo wokuxosha uzokusindisa ekulunyweni okuningi ezindaweni zokupaka, ema-terrace nasezindaweni eziluhlaza.
Okokugcina, nakuba kushisa unyaka wonke, kungumqondo omuhle ukupakisha ijakethi elincane noma ijezi elilula ukuze ugqoke ngaphakathi endlini ene-air conditioner enamandla kakhulu (izindawo zokudlela, izitolo, amahholo emicimbi) kanye nobusuku obunomoya opholile besizini eyomile, lapho imimoya yokuhweba ivunguza ngamandla futhi izinga lokushisa liphansi kancane.
Uma zihlanganiswa, lezi zinkathi ezine zaseCartagena—isizini eyinhloko yesomiso, isizini yemvula encane, inkathi yesomiso, kanye nenkathi yemvula enkulu—zakha ikhalenda eliwusizo kakhulu lokuhlela uhambo oluya edolobheni. Njengoba amazinga okushisa ahlala efudumele, umswakama oshintshashintshayo nemvula, kanye noLwandle lwaseCaribbean olushintsha isimo phakathi kwemimoya enamandla namanzi azolile, ukukhetha inyanga efanele kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubeke phambili okubaluleke kakhulu kuwe: ukukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle kwemvula enkulu, izixuku ezimbalwa, amanani angcono, noma izimo ezinhle zokujabulela ulwandle neziqhingi eziseduze.