Medusa Ungomunye wabantu abadume kakhulu nabathakazelisa kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi. Bekuyi omunye wama-gorgon amathathu, kanye noStheno no-Euryale, kuphela odade abathathu abesabekayo ababengafi.
Ayengobani ama-gorgon? Lezi zidalwa ezimbi kakhulu ezazesatshwa ngamaGreki ezikhathini zasendulo kwakungabesifazane abanamaphiko esikhundleni sezinwele emakhanda abo babenezinyoka eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwakungekhona okwesabeka kunabo bonke. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi, ngokusho kwenganekwane, labo ababenesibindi sokubheka emehlweni abo baphendulwa ngokushesha baba ngamatshe.
Amagorgons
Kulula ukucabanga ngokwesaba lezi zidalwa okumele ngabe zazikhuthaza kumaGrikhi angaleso sikhathi, ezazithatha zonke lezo zinganekwane ezindala ngokuqinisekile. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele ukuthi bekuqinisa idolo ukwazi ukuthi ama-gorgon ahlala endaweni eqhelile. Vuliwe isiqhingi esikude esibizwa ngokuthi iSarpedon, ngokwamasiko athile; noma, ngokusho kwabanye, ndawana thile elahlekile ku- Lybia (okuyilokho amaGreki ayekubiza ngokuthi izwekazi lase-Afrika).
Amagorgon kukhona amadodakazi aseForcis noKeto, onkulunkulu ababili abadlula bonke ngaphakathi kwenkolelo eyinkimbinkimbi yamaGreki.
Odade abathathu (uStheno, u-Euryale noMedusa), bathola igama elithi górgonas, okusho ukuthi, "esabekayo". Kwathiwa ngabo ukuthi igazi lakhe lalinamandla okubuyisa abafileyo baphile, inqobo nje uma ikhishwe ohlangothini lwesokudla. Esikhundleni salokho, igazi ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwe-gorgon lalingubuthi obubulalayo.
I-Bust of Medusa eqoshwe ngu-Gian Lorenzo Bernini ngo-1640. Lesi sithombe esikhulu seBaroque sigcinwe eCapitoline Museums of Rome.
Ekhuluma ngokukhethekile nge Medusa, kufanele kuthiwe igama layo lisuselwa egameni lasendulo lesiGreki elithi Μέδουσα elinencazelo ethi "umqaphi".
Kukhona inganekwane esedlule ethi uMedusa unemvelaphi ehlukile kuleyo yamanye ama-gorgon amabili. Ngokusho kwalokhu, uMedusa wayeyintombi enhle owayengaba nayo wacasula unkulunkulukazi u-Athena ukungcolisa elinye lamathempeli angcweliselwe yena (ngokusho kombhali waseRoma u-Ovid, wayezolala nonkulunkulu UPoseidon endaweni engcwele). Lokhu, okunzima futhi ngaphandle kwesihawu, bekungaba nakho waguqula izinwele zakhe zaba izinyoka njengesijeziso.
Inganekwane yeMedusa ibambe inkanyezi kwabaningi imisebenzi yobuciko kusukela Renaissance kuya ekhulwini le-XNUMX. Mhlawumbe okudume kakhulu kukho konke ukudweba uwoyela nguCaravaggio, ipendwe ngo-1597, lowo oboniswa esithombeni ohola okuthunyelwe. Ezikhathini zakamuva nje, isibalo sikaMedusa sifunwe yimikhakha ethile yobufazi njengophawu lokuhlubuka kwabesifazane.
UPerseus noMedusa
Ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi igama elithi Medusa lixhunyaniswe ngokungenakuphikwa nalokho kwa Perseus, umbulali wesilo kanye nomsunguli wedolobha laseMycenae. Iqhawe elaqeda impilo yalo.
Danae, unina kaPerseus, kwafunwa ngu Ama-Polydectes, inkosi yesiqhingi saseSeriphos. Nokho, iqhawe abasha wema phakathi kwabo. Ama-Polydectes athola indlela yokususa lesi sithiyo esicasulayo ngokuthumela uPerseus kwimishini okungekho muntu ongabuya kuyo ephila: hamba uye eSarpedon futhi letha ikhanda likaMedusa, okuwukuphela kwegorgon efayo.
U-Athena, obesakhathazwa uMedusa, uthathe isinqumo sokusiza uPerseus emsebenzini wakhe onzima. Ngakho-ke wameluleka ukuba afune amaHesperides futhi athole kubo izikhali ezidingekayo zokunqoba i-gorgon. Lezo zikhali kwakungu- inkemba yedayimane nesigqoko sokuzivikela ayesinika lapho efakwa amandla okungabonakali. Wabuye wathola kubo isikhwama esikwazi ukuletha ngokuphepha ikhanda likaMedusa. Yini enye, Hermes uboleke uPerseus wakhe izimbadada ezinamaphiko ukundiza, ngenkathi u-Athena uqobo emnika isihlangu esikhulu esibukiwe.
UPerseus uphethe ikhanda likaMedusa elinqunywe ikhanda. Imininingwane yokuqoshwa kweCellini, ePiazza de la Signoria eFlorence.
Ephethe le panoply enamandla, uPerseus wamasha ehlangabeza ama-gorgons. Ngenhlanhla abe nayo, wathola uMedusa elele emhumeni wakhe. Ukugwema ukubuka kwakhe okungakushiya ungethemba, iqhawe lisebenzise isihlangu esiveza isithombe se-gorgon njengesibuko. Ngakho-ke wakwazi ukudlulela kuye ngaphandle kokumbuka ebusweni futhi wamnquma ikhanda. Ukusuka entanyeni enqunyiwe kwazalwa ihhashi elinamaphiko uPegasus kanye nomdondoshiya ogama lakhe linguChrysaor.
Lapho bethola ukuthi kwenzekeni, amanye ama-gorgons aqala ukulandela umbulali kadadewabo. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uPerseus asebenzisa isigqoko sakhe sokungabonakali ukubabalekela nokuphepha.
Uphawu lwekhanda likaMedusa elinqunywe ikhanda laziwa njenge I-Gorgoneion, elivela ezithombeni eziningi ngesihlangu sika-Athena. AmaGreki asendulo ayesebenzisa iziphandla nezithombe eziqoshiwe zekhanda laseMedusa ukuze axoshe amashwa neso elibi. Kakade ezikhathini zamaGrikhi, iGorgoneion yaba isithombe esisetshenziswa kabanzi emifanekisweni yamatshe, imidwebo, ubucwebe ngisho nezinhlamvu zemali.