Ukuthi azikho izindawo ezimbili ezifanayo eSpain kuyinto umuntu angayibona ngokushesha nje lapho ehamba ezweni lonke. Akuyona nje indawo, ukudla, noma indlela yokukhuluma eshintshayo: izingubo zendabuko nezingubo zesifunda nazo ziyahlukahluka , zihlanganisa amakhulu eminyaka omlando, amasiko, nezindlela zokuphila esifundeni ngasinye.
Emakhulwini eminyaka, lezi zingubo ziye zashintsha kusukela ekugqokeni kwansuku zonke noma kwemikhosi zaba izimpawu zamasiko zangempela eziboniswa emibukisweni, emihlanganweni yokukhulekela, nasemikhosini . Ake sihlole, ngokuningiliziwe nangejubane elincane, ezinye zezingubo ezimele kakhulu imiphakathi ezimele yaseSpain, imvelaphi yazo, umsebenzi wazo wokuxhumana, ngisho nezindaba ezimbalwa zomlando ezibonisa ukubaluleka kwazo.
Izingubo njengendlela yokuxhumana ngamasiko
Njengoba nje isonto lamaRoma, iresiphi yesitshulu esimnandi, noma indlu ehlanziwe ngombala omhlophe kusitshela ngokuphila endaweni ethile, izingubo nazo ziwulimi olukhuluma ngesimo sezulu, umnotho, inkolo, kanye nezigaba zomphakathi , njengoba kunjalo nge- bunad yaseNorway.
Kunoma yiliphi idolobha emhlabeni, izingubo, ubucwebe bendabuko, ngisho nopende womzimba kusebenza ekuphawuleni umehluko kodwa futhi kugcizelela okuthile esikwabelana ngakho: isifiso sokuzihlobisa, ukuphawula izikhathi ezibalulekile (imishado, amaphathi, ukulila), kanye nokukhombisa ukuthi singobani emphakathini.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nesazi sezokuxhumana uPaul Watzlawick sikufingqa ngenkulumo ecashunwe kakhulu: “Akunakwenzeka ukungaxhumani .” Umgexo olula onemibala, ibhande okhalweni, noma isigqoko esithile kungabonisa isimo somshado, isikhundla sezomnotho, ukuzibandakanya kweqembu, noma ukuxhumana nomsebenzi othile. Kunjalo nangezingubo zesifunda saseSpain: akukho lutho olukhethwa ngokungahleliwe.
Umphakathi waseMadrid: ama-chulapos nama-chulapas
Uma kukhona isithombe esisodwa esidumile seMadrid ngesikhathi semikhosi, yilesi sama- chulapos nama-chulapas ngesikhathi seSan Isidro . Ngalolo suku, imigwaqo igcwele imibhangqwana egqoke isitayela sendabuko saseMadrid, idansa ama-choti futhi ihlonipha ungcwele wedolobha.
Ingubo yendabuko ye-chulapa ibonakala ngengubo efanelekile efinyelela edolweni noma eqakaleni, eqedwa emphethweni ngama-ruffle , futhi ngokuvamile ngemibala ethule noma enemidwebo emincane. Ihambisana neshawuli elimbozwe emahlombe, elengeza umbala nokunyakaza, kanye nesikhafu esimhlophe, esihlotshiswe ngembali evelele.
Indoda igqoka kalula: ibhulukwe elimnyama, ihembe elimhlophe, kanye nejazi , embobeni yenkinobho lapho kubekwa khona i-carnation njengento ehlukile. Ngokuvamile uqedela ingubo ngeduku elimhlophe entanyeni yakhe noma ephaketheni lakhe, kanti isigqoko esidala esinama-checkered, nakuba singakhulunywa kakhulu emibhalweni, siyingxenye yesithombe esidumile se-chulapo.
I-Andalusia: ingubo ye-flamenco kanye nesudi emfushane
E-Andalusia, ingubo yesifunda evelele ngokungangabazeki iyingubo ye-flamenco , enye yezingubo ezaziwa kakhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweSpain. Siyibona ikhanya minyaka yonke emibukisweni efana ne-April Fair eSeville, ezindaweni zokukhulekela ezifana ne-El Rocío, kanye nasemikhosini eminingi yendawo.
Ingubo ye-flamenco ivame ukuba yinde futhi ifanelane kahle ne-mid-calf , bese iphuma nge-cascade yama-ruffles phansi. Ingaba mfushane kuye ngesitayela, kodwa ama-ruffles kanye nokunyakaza kubalulekile. Imidwebo evamile kakhulu ama-polka dots, izimbali, kanye ne-Andalusian motifs ngemibala egqamile ebamba amehlo kude.
Ukuze aqedele iqembu, owesifazane uzihlobisa ngembali ezinweleni zakhe, ikamu lezinwele, kanye neshawl . Izicathulo zivame ukuba yizithende ezikhululekile noma ama-espadrille, ezenzelwe ukumelana namahora amaningi okudansa. Nakuba umklamo uye waba wesimanje ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umongo wengubo ye-flamenco usabonakala kalula.
Izingubo zamadoda ezihambisana nomdansi we-flamenco zibizwa ngokuthi "i -traje de corto" (isudi emfushane ). Ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amabhulukwe aqondile, ngokuvamile ampunga, alula noma anemigqa emhlophe emincane kakhulu, engabonakali, ihembe elimhlophe, ama-suspenders, kanye nejakethi elifushane lesitayela se-bullfighter. Ihlanganiswe nesigqoko saseCordoban esinomphetho oyisicaba, kanye nezicathulo, amabhuzu okugibela angamelana kalula nokugingqika kwehhashi kanye nomsindo wombukiso.
Isibonelo, i-Seville April Fair yaqala ngekhulu le-19 njengombukiso wezilwane ogxile kakhulu kwezentengiselwano , kodwa kancane kancane yashintsha yaba umcimbi wezenhlalo nowemikhosi. Namuhla, izinkundla zombukiso zihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezinkulu (i-El Real, i-Calle del Infierno, kanye nezindawo zokupaka), ezinamadokodo ahlotshiswe kahle lapho abantu bedansa khona i-Sevillanas, bethosa nge-fino noma i-manzanilla sherry, futhi bebonisa izingubo zendabuko ngobuhle bazo bonke.
I-Aragon: indoda nowesifazane base-Aragonese
E-Aragon, ingubo yesifunda eyaziwa kakhulu ngeyase -baturro kanye ne-baturra , evame ukuba nenguqulo yansuku zonke kanye nesemthethweni. Imvelaphi yayo isezingutsheni zendabuko zabalimi, kodwa inguqulo yemikhosi icebile kakhulu ngezindwangu kanye nemihlobiso.
Izingubo zabesifazane zihlanganisa isiketi esikhulu sikakotini phezu kwe-petticoat , i-apron egqokwa phezu kwayo, ibhulawuzi elimhlophe, kanye neshawuli elibekwe phezu kwamahlombe noma elihlanganiswe esifubeni. Imibala kanye nokuhlobisa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesifunda kanye nesenzakalo, kodwa iqembu liveza imfudumalo kanye nesiko.
Indoda igqoke ibhulukwe elimnyama eliwela ngaphansi kwedolo, ihembe elimhlophe, ijazi, kanye nebhande elibanzi okhalweni. Ekhanda layo, igqoke isikhafu esinamafindo, esinye sezici ezivelele zengubo yendabuko yase-Aragonese. Enguqulweni esemthethweni, izindwangu zingase zibe zinhle kakhulu futhi amajazi ahlotshiswe kahle.
Izingubo zesifunda kanye nemfashini yesimanje
Izingubo zesifunda saseSpain azizange zimiswe ngesikhathi: abaklami abaningi nabadwebi bathole kuzo umthombo wokuphefumulelwa kwemikhiqizo yesimanje . Isibonelo esithakazelisayo yileso semikhiqizo esebenzisa izindwangu zendabuko, njengalezo ezivela eLa Mancha noma eCanary Islands, noma eziphefumulelwe yizingubo zikaVolendam , ukudala izesekeli, izikhwama, noma izingubo zesimanje.
Ngale ndlela, ucezu ngalunye luba yindlela yokuhlonipha umlando, ubuciko, kanye nobuciko bamasiko ahlukahlukene aseSpain. Umphumela uba izinto zesimanje ezigcina inkumbulo yezingubo zesifunda ziphila ngaphandle kokuzigcina kuphela emikhosini emikhulu.
Isembozo esifanekisela lokhu: "ingubo yombukiso" evela eLa Alberca. Le ngubo yathengwa nguCaja Duero ku- Elvira González Frax , umnikazi wegalari odumile waseMadrid owayeyizuze kunina, umdansi waseSpain u-Elvira Lucena. Ingenye yamasethi amadala kakhulu futhi aphelele kakhulu agciniwe, anezingcezu zobucwebe ezisukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16.
Izingubo zesifunda saseSpain, kusukela engutsheni ye-flamenco noma engutsheni ye-fallera kuya ku-chulapo yaseMadrid, i-Basque baserritarra noma isudi ye-Salamanca vista, zakha i -mosaic ephilayo yezindaba, izimpawu kanye nemizwa.
Kunokuba yizingubo zokugqoka, ziyifasitela elivulekile lesikhathi esidlule elihlala libalulekile okwamanje, elikwazi ukujabulisa labo abake bazibona impilo yabo yonke kanye nalabo abahlangana nazo okokuqala emkhosini wasemakhaya, embukisweni noma embukisweni.