Uma sikhuluma ngemidanso yendabuko enobuntu nobuntu, amagama amathathu ayaqhubeka evela: i-tango, i-flamenco eqondwa njengohlobo lobuciko oluphelele, kanye nomdanso wesikwele waseMelika. Uma uqala ukuwabuka, angase abonakale sengathi ahlukene, kodwa shaya phezulu bese uthola ukuthi wonke abelana ngokuthile okubalulekile: isigqi esiphawulekayo, isakhiwo esibonakalayo, kanye nengxenye eqinile yezenhlalo neyemikhosi.
Kule migqa elandelayo, sizohlola indlela lezi zitayela ezakhiwa futhi zadanswa ngayo , indima yomculo, iminikelo ethile yomculi ngamunye (ukucula, ukudansa, ukudlala isiginci, noma ukushaya ucingo, njengoba kungenzeka), kanye nemvelaphi yakho konke. Uzobona ukuthi, hhayi ukuthi ziqinile, lezi yizinhlobo eziqhakazile ezihlanganisa amakhodi aqondile nenkululeko enkulu yokudala, exhumanisa neminye imidanso evela emhlabeni wonke.
tango
I-Tango ingenye yezindlela ezivelele kakhulu zokuveza amasiko e- Argentina nase-Uruguay. Yavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ezindaweni ezisemachwebeni nasezindaweni zabasebenzi zaseBuenos Aires naseMontevideo, lapho abokufika baseYurophu, inzalo yama-Afro, namaCreole babehlala khona ndawonye. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamasiko kwaholela emculweni nomdanso oyingqayizivele.
I-Tango yaqala cishe ngo -1880 ezindlini zokuhlala, ama-cafe, izindawo zokudayisa abesilisa nabesifazane, nasemagcekeni omakhelwane abasebenzayo. Izimpande zayo zihlanganisa imigqi yase-Afrika, i-milonga yaseCuba, i-habanera yaseCuba, nomculo waseYurophu owalethwa abokufika base-Italy naseSpain. Ekuqaleni yayibhekwa njengomdanso ongaphansi futhi ohlazisayo yizigaba eziphezulu, isikhathi kanye nokuthandwa kwayo okwandayo kwayiguqula yaba umdanso odlula zonke izigaba zomphakathi.
Futhi yayifinyeleleka emhlabeni wonke. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-tango yafika eYurophu , ikakhulukazi eParis, lapho yathandwa khona kakhulu. Lapho yamukelwa eYurophu, yathola udumo e-Argentina futhi ekugcineni yaba umdanso wayo odumile nojwayelekile.
Phakathi kweminyaka yama-1930 nama-1950, i-tango yabhekana "nesikhathi sayo segolide." Lesi kwakuyisikhathi sama-orchestra amakhulu e-tango, amahholo omdanso agcwele abantu, kanye nokuthandwa kabanzi emsakazweni nakuma-movie. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abantu abanjengoCarlos Gardel, owayebhekwa njengesithixo esikhulu kunazo zonke sengoma ye-tango, bakhanya kakhulu, njengoba kwenza u-Aníbal Troilo nabanye abaningi. Kodwa-ke, kwakungu -Astor Piazzolla owaletha umuzwa wesimanje ku-tango, ewuhlanganisa ne-jazz nomculo we-classical.
Ukuqashelwa kwamasiko kwafika ngo-2009 lapho i-tango imenyezelwa njengefa lesintu elingabonakali yi-UNESCO. Kodwa yiziphi izici zalo mdanso ojwayelekile wase-Argentina? Singawuhlukanisa ngomdanso nomculo. Ngokomculo, i-tango inesigqi esiphawulekayo nesidabukisayo, amagama akhumbuza ngezikhathi zakudala nangokomzwelo, kanye nezindikimba zothando, ukufuduka, usizi, kanye nempilo yasemadolobheni. Insimbi evelele kakhulu yi-bandoneon, kodwa ezinye izinsimbi zomculo ezivamile zifaka upiyano, i-violin, kanye ne-double bass.
Manje, ngokuphathelene nomdanso ngokwawo, i-tango idansa ngababili futhi ibonakala ngokugonana okuseduze, ukunyakaza okuhle, ukuhamba kancane, ukuqamba kabusha, kanye nokuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwabadansi. Azikho izingxoxo zomdanso eziqinile: lo mbhangqwana uhumusha umculo ngokukhululeka, kodwa-ke, kunezinyathelo ezihlukile okumele zifundwe ukuze zenziwe.
Ngokuphathelene nezingubo zendabuko, amadoda avame ukugqoka amasudi nezigqoko kule mibukiso, kuyilapho abesifazane begqoka izingubo ezinhle nezithende eziphakeme. Izithende eziphakeme ziyimfuneko, kanti amasokisi anezintambo ezilandelanayo ngemuva awusizo.
Ekugcineni, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-tango . Okungukuthi, i-salon tango, i-stage tango, i-milonguero tango, kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-nuevo tango. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isitayela, zonke zibaluleke kakhulu ngamasiko ngoba, ekugcineni, i-tango imelela ubunjalo besifunda saseRío de la Plata, ukuhlanganiswa kwamasiko abokufika, kanye nokubonakaliswa okujulile kwemizwa.
Namuhla, i-tango iyaqhubeka nokuhlala kuma-milonga, emibukisweni, kanye nasemikhosini yamazwe ngamazwe njengeBuenos Aires Tango Festival kanye neWorld Championship, eheha imibhangqwana hhayi evela e-Argentina kuphela kodwa nasemhlabeni wonke—abantu abathande ngempela i-tango.
flamenco
I-Flamenco uhlobo lobuciko bendabuko baseSpain oluhlanganisa umdanso, ingoma nomculo . Lwaqala ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase -Andalusia futhi lubhekwa njengolunye lwezimpawu zamasiko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezweni.
I-Flamenco yaqala ukuthuthuka phakathi kwe- Ikhulu le-18 nele-19Izimpande zayo zivela engxubeni yamasiko ahlukene ayephila ndawonye e-Andalusia: amasiko aseGypsy, ama-Arabhu, namaJuda.
ithonya labantu bobuKristu, base-Afrika naseSpain, kodwa kuyiqiniso ukuthi Abantu baseRoma Wadlala indima ebalulekile ekudalweni nasekudluliselweni kwe-flamenco.
Ekuqaleni kwayo, i-flamenco yayiyindlela ethandwayo, egxile emndenini, iculwa futhi idansa emibuthanweni yangasese, emikhosini, nasezindaweni zokuphuza utshwala. Into endala kunazo zonke kwakuyi- cante (ingoma ye-flamenco), kamuva ehambisana negitare nomdanso. Kodwa kwakungekhulu le-19 lapho kwavela khona "ama-cafés cantantes", izindawo lapho abaculi babedlala khona ngobungcweti. Lokhu kwasiza ekusakazeni i-flamenco kulo lonke elaseSpain.
Ngekhulu lama-20, i-flamenco yathola udumo emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yabaculi abakhulu abanjengoCamarón de la Isla, uPaco de Lucía, noCarmen Amaya. Namuhla, i-flamenco yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengenye yezimpawu zamasiko zaseSpain futhi, kusukela ngo-2010, ibilokhu imenyezelwa njengefa lesintu elingaphatheki yi-UNESCO.
Yiziphi izici zomdanso we-flamenco? Singasho ukuthi umdanso onokubonakaliswa okukhulu kwemizwa, okuveza imizwa ejulile njengentshiseko, ubuhlungu, injabulo, amandla, kanye nokuziqhenya. Kulomdanso, kumelwe sikhumbule nokuthi ulimi lomzimba kanye nokubonakaliswa kobuso kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, maqondana nokunyakaza, umdanso we-flamenco ubonakala ngokunyakaza okunamandla nokuhle, ukuhamba ngezinyawo okunesigqi, ukujika okusheshayo, kanye nokunyakaza kwezingalo nezandla okubonisa kakhulu.
kanye nokuma okuqondile nokuqinile. Ngokulandelayo, isigqi siphawulwa ngokusetshenziswa kobuciko kwezandla, ukushaya izithende, isiginci, kanye nama-castanet afanekisayo, kwezinye izitayela.
Ngokuphathelene nezingubo zendabuko, abesifazane bavame ukugqoka izingubo ezinde, ezinemibala enezindwangu ezithambile, kuyilapho amadoda egqoka amabhulukwe afanele, ihembe, nevesti. Ngokuphathelene nezinto eziyinhloko ze-flamenco, umdanso unezingxenye ezintathu eziyisisekelo: "i-cante" (ingoma), "i-toque" (i-flamenco guitar), kanye ne-"baile" (umdanso ngokwawo).
Kunezindlela eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-palos," okuhlanganisa i-soleá, i-bulería, i-sevillanas, i-fandango, ne-alegrías. Ngayinye inesigqi kanye nomlingiswa ohlukile. Ekugcineni, i-flamenco imelela ubuwena bamasiko ase-Andalusia naseSpain. Namuhla isetshenziswa futhi ifundiswa emhlabeni wonke, futhi amadolobha afana neSeville, iGranada, neJerez de la Frontera aqashelwa njengezikhungo zomlando ze-flamenco.
Umdanso we-Flamenco: isakhiwo esiyisisekelo kanye nezingxenye ze-palo
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi ama-tango angena kanjani emdansweni we-flamenco, kuyasiza ukuqonda kahle isakhiwo esijwayelekile se-choreography yakudala ye-flamenco . Izifundo ezikhethekile zichaza "i-skeleton" eyisisekelo ehlanganyelwa yizitayela eziningi zendabuko, yize kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene kanye nenkululeko yobuciko.
Ngamafuphi, lolu hlaka olubalulekile luhlanganisa: ukuvulwa (umnyango womdansi) , igama elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, ingxenye yezinyawo, kanye nesiphetho esingabizwa ngokuthi "indoda," i-refrain, "ida," noma nje "cierre," kuye ngesitayela. Lezi zingxenye zihlobene eduze nendlela ukucula kanye nokuhambisana negitare okwakhiwa ngayo.
Ngesikhathi samagama, umdansi ugxila kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngezinyawo, izinyathelo, kanye nokujika , okuvumela izwi lomculi ukuthi liphefumule. Esigabeni esithi "escobilla", kugxilwe ekusebenzeni ngezinyawo kanye nokusabela okunesigqi kwesiginci kanye nezandla. Isiphetho ngokuvamile sihilela ukusheshisa noma ukushintsha ijubane , okungaguqula ngisho nesitayela esihlobene (isibonelo, ukuqeda ama-tientos ngokushintshela kuma-tango).
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi, ngokomlando, umdanso we-flamenco ubulokhu uhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuphindaphindwa kwamafomula aphumelelayo kunesivumelwano esisemthethweni phakathi kochwepheshe. Lokhu kuchaza umehluko ekuqanjweni kwamagama kanye nesakhiwo phakathi kwezitayela ezahlukene, kanye nokuhumusha okukhululekile kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwanamuhla, lapho ama-oda eshintshwa khona, izitayela zixutshwe, noma izingxenye eziphelele zishiywa.
Kunoma ikuphi, ukuze izinto zisebenze esiteji, ukucula, ukudansa, nokudlala isiginci kumele kusebenze njengento eyodwa . Ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabaculi kubalulekile: inani lamagama, ubude be-falsetas, ukuphumula kwesiginci, uhlobo lwesitayela sezwi, isivinini sokukhuphuka, noma ubude bomsebenzi wobuciko—konke kuyaxoxiswana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuprakthizwa ngokuningiliziwe eshashalazini noma kuqanjwe ngamakhodi ahlanganyelwe endaweni ye-flamenco.
Umdanso wesikwele: impikiswano yaseMelika nemidanso ye-flamenco
Uma sisuka eningizimu yeSpain siya e-United States, sithola umdanso weqembu , nakuba uhlukile kakhulu ngobuhle, uhlanganyela no-flamenco nomqondo wesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi: umdanso wesikwele . Lo mdanso ojwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ohlotshaniswa nezindawo zasemakhaya kanye nesiko lasemakhaya, uhlela abahlanganyeli babe yizikwele zemibhangqwana emine, okusikhumbuza ukuthi eYurophu kukhona nemidanso yendabuko eHolland enengxenye eqinile yomphakathi.
Emdansweni wesikwele, umuntu obalulekile ngumbizi , umuntu ohlabelela noma ophinda izibalo okumele zidlalwe abadansi ngokuvumelana nesigqi somculo. Esikhundleni sokuqamba kabusha ngokukhululeka, okubusayo lapha uchungechunge lwezingcingo ezibanjwe ngekhanda (i-promenade, i-do-si-do, i-swing, i-allemande, njll.), okumele imibhangqwana iziqaphele futhi izisebenzise cishe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Isigqi esivelele siphinde sibe uphawu lwezikhathi ezine , oluzinzile kakhulu futhi oluklanyelwe ukusekela ukulandelana kwezinyathelo okuphindaphindiwe. Umculo uvame ukudlalwa ngezinsimbi zomculo ezifana ne-violin, i-banjo, i-guitar, noma i-double bass, ngesitayela esiseduze ne-bluegrass noma i-country yendabuko.
Ngokungafani ne-flamenco, lapho ukugxila kuvame ukuba semzweni womuntu ngamunye womdansi noma umculi , umdanso wesikwele empeleni uwumsebenzi ohlanganyelwe, lapho ikhono lisekuxhumaniseni abantu abayisishiyagalombili esikweleni ukuze izibalo zenziwe kahle. Ingxenye yomphakathi inkulu kakhulu: idansa emaphathini, emibuthanweni yomphakathi, nasemikhosini.
Uma ubheka ngaphandle, lesi sigameko singase sifane kancane ne-flamenco tablao egcwele abantu abashaya izandla futhi behalalisa, kodwa ikhodi yangaphakathi ihlukile: kumdanso wesikwele, isakhiwo sinikezwa yizingcingo zomuntu oshaya ucingo, kanti ku-flamenco ubuholi buhlukaniswa phakathi kokucula, ukudansa, isiginci kanye nokushaya izandla kuye ngesikhathi.
Lezi yimidlalo emithathu nje edume kakhulu emhlabeni. Ingabe uyayidansa noma yimuphi wayo?