Izingubo zendabuko eSouthern Cone zilandisa ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomlando wesifunda. Izingubo zibonisa imisebenzi yasemakhaya, umehluko wesimo sezulu, ukuxubana kwamasiko, kanye namasiko ezihlanganiswe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka e-Argentina naseChile.
Uma kukhulunywa ngezingubo zendabuko zase-Argentina naseChile, cishe wonke umuntu ucabanga ngokushesha nge-gaucho, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Andes, i-huaso, njengoba kunjalo ngezingubo zendabuko zase-Argentina naseChile. imvunulo yendabuko yeSanjuanero Huilense eColombia. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalezi zithombe ezifanekiselayo kukhona indawo ebanzi kakhulu yezingubo, izesekeli, kanye nokusetshenziswa, lapho ucezu ngalunye lunenhloso yalo esebenzayo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, icala elinamandla kakhulu elingokomfanekiso elihlobene nezinganekwane, umculo kanye nemikhosi ethandwayo.
Izingubo zendabuko zase-Argentina: kusukela ku-gaucho kuya kumuntu wasemaphandleni
Izingubo zendabuko zase-Argentina aziyona into eyodwa, futhi azigcini nje ngengubo eyodwa. Leli zwe likhulu, futhi izindawo zalo zisukela emahlathini ashisayo kuya emathafeni asePatagonian, ahlanganisa amathafa, amagquma, kanye nezintaba zase-Andes. Ngakho-ke, izingubo zendabuko zibonisa lokhu kuhlukahluka. ukuhlukahluka kwesifunda okuphawulwa yisimo sezulu, uhlobo lomsebenzi, namasiko endawo, yize i-gaucho isalokhu iyisithonjana esikhulu sendawo yasemaphandleni yase-Argentina.
Izingubo ezihlotshaniswa ne-gaucho zazalwa ngenxa yesidingo: kwakudingeka zikwazi ukumelana nezinsuku ezinde kakhulu ngehhashi, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe, kanye nendawo egcwele ameva, udaka, nothuli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ngubo yayeka ukuba yizingubo zomsebenzi nje futhi yaba yingubo uphawu olujulile lobunikazi bobuzwe, ukuziqhenya kwamaCreole, nomoya wokuzimela, okubonakala kakhulu ngamaholide kazwelonke kanye nemikhosi yesintu.
Ezifundazweni eziningi, lezi zingubo zisabonakala, hhayi nje kuphela emibukisweni noma emigwaqweni, kodwa nasezimpilweni zansuku zonke zabasebenzi basemakhaya. Ngakho-ke, izingubo zendabuko zifeza injongo ekabili: Iphendula ezidingweni ezithile zomsebenzi wasensimini futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, igcina ifa lamasiko liphila. lokho kudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Ngaphezu kwesithombe se-gaucho, isifunda ngasinye sase-Argentina senezele izici ezihlukile esitayeleni saso sokugqoka: kusukela ezindwangu zoboya zaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga, ezihlotshaniswa namasiko ase-Andean, kuya ezingutsheni ezikhanyayo nezikhanyayo ezigqokwa ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama njenge-Litoral. Konke lokhu kudala i-mosaic yezingubo ezivamile ezidlula kakhulu umbono ojwayelekile, njenge- izingubo zendabuko zemiphakathi eSpain. Ukwehlukahluka kwesimo sezulu namasiko ezweni kubonakala ngokucacile ezingutsheni zalo zendabuko.
Ezimweni zemikhosi, izingubo zansuku zonke ziyaguqulwa: imihlobiso, imibala egqamile, kanye nezesekeli eziheha amehlo kuyanezelwa. Ezinhlanganweni zokukhulekela, emibuthanweni yomphakathi, kanye nasemikhosini yabangcwele abasekelayo, izingubo zendabuko ziboniswa ngobuhle bazo bonke, okuqinisa lobo budlelwano phakathi izinganekwane, umculo, umdanso kanye nezingubo zesiCreole okuyinto ekhanga kakhulu abantu bendawo kanye nezivakashi.
Izingubo ezijwayelekile zomuntu wase-Argentina
Uma sihlola izingubo ze-gaucho nezesilisa, sithola izingubo eziklanywe ngendlela ecacile. Ngayinye ihloselwe ukuvikela emakhazeni, elangeni, noma ezitshalweni, noma ukwenza imisebenzi ethile egibele ihhashi ibe lula. Lezi zingcezu, namuhla ezingase zibonakale zifana nezindaba zasendulo, zavela njenge izixazululo ezisebenzayo zezinselelo zomsebenzi wasemakhaya ePampas nakwezinye izifunda.
Enye yezingubo ezivelele kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile enyakatho ye-Argentina yi- umqaphi wezilwaneLezi yizicucu zesikhumba noma indwangu ewugqinsi ezibekwa phezu kwemilenze uma ugibele ihhashi. Umsebenzi wazo ulula kodwa ubalulekile: ukuvikela umgibeli emagatsheni anameva, ezihlahleni eziqinile, nanoma iyiphi indawo enzima ngenkathi edabula izintaba nezindlela ezivaliwe. Ngenxa yazo, imilenze yakhe ivikelekile ekusikeni nasekuklwebhekeni okuqhubekayo.
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu, njengezifundazwe zaseCorrientes naseMisiones, okulandelayo kuyaphawuleka: izigqoko zotshaniLolu hlobo lwesigqoko, olulula futhi olunomoya omuhle, selube umsizi ophelele ekushiseni nasemisebeni yelanga enamandla. Ngaphezu nje kokuba yinto ewusizo, luyinto ebalulekile yansuku zonke. Inikeza umthunzi ebusweni, entanyeni kanye nasengxenyeni yamahlombe, inciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yilanga kanye nokushisa. ngesikhathi samahora amade ensimini.
Eceleni kwalezi zingcezu ezisebenzayo kuvela dredgeIbhande lesikhumba elibanzi noma ibhande, elimbozwe ngezinhlamvu zemali kanye nezinsimbi zesiliva ezisetshenziswayo. Leli bhande aligcini nje ngokubamba ibhulukwe noma ukufaka ummese, kodwa futhi lisebenza njengebhande isici sokwehluka nokubonisa isimo phakathi kwama-gaucho nabantu basemaphandleniIkakhulukazi emikhosini, emigwaqweni, nasemigwaqweni. Uma ichazwa futhi inemininingwane eminingi, idumela layo liba likhulu.
Ama-rastra ahambisana nezinye izinhlobo zamabhande, njenge-tirador, nayo eyenziwe ngesikhumba esibanzi futhi evame ukuhlotshiswa. Ndawonye, lezi zingcezu zizungeza okhalweni, zinikeza ukwesekwa kwazo zonke izingubo futhi zakha uhlobo "lwezikhali" lapho kufakwa khona imimese, iziswebhu, namanye amathuluzi okusebenza. Ngale ndlela, okhalweni luba yi- iphuzu elibalulekile kokubili ngokombono osebenzayo nowobuhle ngaphakathi kweqembu le-gaucho.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, lezi zingubo zingabonakala zingabalulekile kangako, zinesikhumba esisetshenzisiwe kodwa zingenabo ukunethezeka ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zemikhosi noma emicimbini ye-rodeo, abaningi bakhetha amabhande namabhande ahlotshiswe kakhulu, ahlotshiswe ngezingcezu zesiliva ezikhandiwe kanye nezinhlamvu zemali zakudala. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwe Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokubukisa okulawulwayo kuchaza kahle isimo sezingubo ezivamile zase-Argentina..
I-poncho: ijazi, ubuwena kanye nophawu lokungalaleli
Phakathi kwazo zonke izingubo zendabuko zase-Argentina, i-poncho Ithatha indawo ephakathi nendawo. Empeleni, iyindwangu enkulu engunxande, enembobo phakathi kwekhanda, ewela phambi nangemuva komzimba. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalesi simo esilula kukhona ingcebo enkulu yamasiko: Isifunda ngasinye sisebenzisa izinto ezahlukene, imibala, kanye nemiklamo elandisa izindaba zaso..
Ezifundazweni ezifana neSalta, isibonelo, i-poncho ebomvu ekhanyayo enemingcele emnyama noma imivimbo iyabonakala kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa sekuwuphawu lwangempela lwenyakatho ye-Argentina. Ngokuphambene nalokho, eLa Rioja, ama-poncho alukwe ngoboya obunemibala yemvelo, ngaphandle kodayi oqinile, avamile, okukhumbuza... ukufuya izimvu kanye nomsebenzi wezindwangu zobuciko esifundeniNgakho-ke, i-poncho akuyona nje ijazi, kodwa futhi iyikhadi lokuzazisa lendawo, njengoba kunjalo nge- I-bunad yaseNorway.
Uma sibheka ngendlela engokoqobo, i-poncho cishe ayinakushintshwa emaphandleni. Ivikela emakhazeni, emoyeni nasemvuleni encane, futhi ivumelana kahle nezidingo zomgibeli: ivumela inkululeko yokuhamba, iyashesha ukugqoka nokukhumula, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngisho nanjengengubo yokulala noma yokumboza isihlalo. Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yansuku zonke ye-gaucho. Ingcezu yezinhloso eziningi ehlanganisa ukufudumala, induduzo, kanye nokuguquguquka..
Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-poncho nayo yadlala indima ephawulekayo empilweni yomphakathi kanye nasemthethweni wokuhlonipha we-gaucho. Izindaba ezidumile zilandisa ukuthi lapho amadoda amabili ephikisana ngokuthile futhi kwaphakama ukungezwani, omunye wabo wayengakwazi ukujikijela noma "ukushaya" i-poncho njengesenzo esicacile sokungalaleliLeyo nhlangano yayiqondwa njengesimemo esiqondile somdlalo noma ukulwa, okungukuthi, ukuqala kokubhekana ubuso nobuso.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-poncho idlule imvelaphi yayo yasemakhaya yaba uphawu lwezinganekwane zase-Argentina. Isetshenziswa emidansweni yendabuko, ikhonjiswa emicimbini esemthethweni, futhi ivezwa njenge uphawu lwenhliziyo ye-Argentina emikhosini nasemicimbini yamasikoNamuhla, kokubili ezweni nakwamanye amazwe, ingenye yezinto ezibonakala kakhulu ezingutsheni zendabuko zeSouthern Cone.
AmaBombacha, i-chiripá nezinye izakhi zengubo yama-gaucho
Uma siqhubeka nokwehla sisuka emzimbeni siye emilenzeni, sithola izingubo ezifana neze-poncho. Esinye sezingcezu ezivelele kakhulu zezingubo ze-gaucho... amabhulukwe e-batarazaLawa amabhulukwe abanzi phezulu, akhululekile ngokwanele ukuvumela ukugibela ngokunethezeka, futhi ancipha aze afike eqakaleni. Aphela ngohlobo lwe-cuff efakiwe, evame ukuvalwa ngenkinobho, evame ukuboshwa Kuvimbela indwangu ukuthi ingabambeki emagatsheni noma ezintini futhi kwenza kube lula ukugqoka amabhuzu..
La mabhulukwe e-gaucho ngokuvamile enziwa ngezindwangu ezilula kodwa eziqinile, ezenzelwe ukumelana nokushisa, uthuli, nokunyakaza okuqhubekayo. Umklamo wawo ulandela umqondo ocacile: ukuvumela i-gaucho ukuthi ikhululeke amahora amaningi esihlalweni, ngaphandle kokukhuhla noma imikhawulo yokunyakaza, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo inikeza isithiyo sokumelana nomoya nendawo embiZiyisibonelo esihle sengubo ezalwa umsebenzi wansuku zonke.
Ngaphansi noma ngaphezulu kwala mabhulukwe, kuye ngesifunda kanye nenkathi, kwavela enye ingubo yendabuko: i i-flukeYindwangu enkulu, ebekwe okhalweni naphakathi kwemilenze, efanelana kahle nenabukeni elikhulu. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko kwakuwukuvikela emakhazeni nasemanzini, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezinomoya. Eqinisweni, igama elithi "chiri," elisho ukubanda ngesiQuechua, lihlobene nomsuka wegama elithi chiripá futhi ligcizelela lokho. umsebenzi wokuvikela emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Izingubo ze-gaucho zigcwele izesekeli eziningana ezisebenzayo. Esinye sezaziwayo kakhulu yi- i-facónUmmese omkhulu ogqokwa okhalweni, ngokuvamile oxhunywe ebhandeni noma esilingini. I-facón inezindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa: isetshenziselwa ukuhlaba izilwane, umsebenzi wasensimini, futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zomlando, yaba ngisho isikhali sokuzivikela kanye nophawu lwesibindi somuntu siqu ekulweni nasezingxabanweni.
Eduze kommese sithola isiswebhuUhlobo lwesiswebhu esifushane esisetshenziswa yi-gaucho ukuqondisa nokukhuthaza ihhashi. Nakuba umsebenzi walo oyinhloko uhlobene nokuphatha isilwane, sithole nesisindo esingokomfanekiso ngaphakathi kwe-gaucho engokomfanekiso, evame ukuvela ezindabeni, ezinkondlweni, kanye nemifanekiso yobuciko. Zonke lezi zinto, kanye ne-poncho, ama-bombacha (amabhulukwe akhululekile), kanye ne-chiripá (uhlobo lwengubo ye-gaucho), zakha ingubo ephelele lapho Ingxenye ngayinye iletha kokubili usizo kanye nobuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ifa lamasiko ezingutsheni: kusukela kubantu bomdabu kuya emasikweni amaCreole
Izingubo zendabuko zase-Argentina azinakuqondwa ngaphandle kokucabangela ithonya elihlanganisiwe eliye labumba ingubo ngayinye. Eziningi zinesici esicacile sendabuko esiyisisekelo sazo, esivumelaniswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuphila kwe-gaucho. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yi-gaucho uqobo. i-ponchoeyavela kubantu bomdabu bezifunda zase-Andean nasePampas. Isakhiwo, izindwangu zoboya, kanye neminye imihlobiso yokuhlobisa kuthathwe ngqo ku- amasu ezindwangu angaphambi kweSpanishi adluliselwa emakhulwini eminyaka.
Esinye isici sendabuko i-gaucho eyasifaka empilweni yayo yansuku zonke yi- ama-bolaLesi sikhali sokuzingela, esakhiwe ngamabhola amaningana ahlanganiswe ngezintambo, siphonswa ngokusijikijela ngaphezu kwekhanda ukuze sibambe imilenze yesilwane. Sake sasetshenziswa kabanzi amaqembu omdabu asemathafeni, futhi kamuva sadluliselwa ezandleni zama-gaucho, asenza saba esinye sezimpawu zawo ezihlukile kakhulu. I-boleadora iyichaza kahle indlela Ulwazi lwendabuko kanye nemikhuba yesiCreole iyahlangana ezweni lasemakhaya.
Isiko lokuphuza utshwala livela nakubantu bomdabu. mateI-Mate, okufakwe amaqabunga e-yerba mate, ikhonzwa esitsheni, ngokwesiko iwumquba owomile, ogoqwe ngendwangu yensimbi. Ukuphuza i-mate kungaphezu nje kwesenzo sansuku zonke: sekuyisiko lomphakathi elikhona yonke indawo, elihambisana nezinsuku emaphandleni, izingxoxo zomndeni, kanye nemibuthano nabangani. Nakuba kungeyona into yokugqoka, kuyingxenye yendawo yonke yamasiko ekhona kuyo. isithombe se-gaucho kanye nendawo yakhe yendabuko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifa laseSpain liyabonakala ezingcezu eziningana zezingubo zesiCreole. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe ihhashi Ihhashi, njengendlela yokuhamba kanye nethuluzi lomsebenzi, lafika nabanqobi, kanye nalo lonke isethi yamasiko amahhashi. Kuvela emsuka ofanayo isigqoko, isigqoko esibanzi esifanelana kahle nokuphila ehhashini, sivikele elangeni nasemvuleni encane, futhi esasihlanganiswe ngokwemvelo nezingubo ze-gaucho.
Umuntu akanakukhohlwa isigingciNjengoba ingahlukaniswanga nemibuthano yasemakhaya kanye nomlilo wekamu, i-poncho, nakuba ingeyona ingubo, ihlobene eduze nesithombe se-gaucho ehlabelela izingoma zabantu noma amavesi aqanjwe eceleni komlilo, ene-poncho ehlombe layo kanye ne-mate gourd esandleni. Zonke lezi zinto—ezomdabu, ezaseSpain, kanye nezamaCreole—ziyahlangana ukuze kudalwe isiko eliyingqayizivele, lapho izingubo zingenye yezindlela ezibonakala kakhulu. Ngamafuphi, izingubo ezivamile zase-Argentina... Kungumphumela wokuvundiswa kwempova okuqhubekayo kwamathonya ahunyushwe kabusha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi..
Lolu hlaka lwamasiko aluzange luhlale luqinile esikhathini esidlule: namuhla luhlala emakilabhini abantu, emijahweni yezemidlalo kanye nemikhosi yabantu, emibukisweni yasemakhaya, kanye nasemikhosini yobuzwe lapho izizukulwane ezintsha zigqoka khona izingubo ezizuzwe njengozakwabo nogogo. Ngale ndlela, Isiko liyavuselelwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizimpande zalo, futhi izingubo zendabuko zigcina incazelo yalo ekhulwini lama-21..