I-Chile iyizwe elide kakhulu, eliphakathi koLwandlekazi iPacific nezintaba zase-Andes, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkathi ezine ziyenzeka ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kuye ngesifunda. Nakuba sikhuluma ngokusemthethweni ngehlobo, ikwindla, ubusika, nentwasahlobo, njengakwezinye izindawo eNingizimu Yenkabazwe, ukubanda kwePunta Arenas akufani nokushisa okomile kweHlane lase-Atacama, futhi izimvula ezingapheli zaseningizimu azifani nesibhakabhaka esicacile sethafa eliphakeme.
Uma ucabanga ngokuhamba noma ufuna nje ukuqonda kangcono isimo sezulu sezwe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula into eyodwa: I-Chile iyilabhorethri yesimo sezulu yangempela . Ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha ambalwa nje, uzothola ugwadule olukhulu, isimo sezulu saseMedithera, amahlathi anemvula kakhulu, i-tundra, ngisho nesimo sezulu sase-Antarctica. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi isizini ngayinye inikeza izindawo ezihlukile, imisebenzi, amazinga okushisa, ngisho nokudla.
Sinjani isimo sezulu esijwayelekile eChile?
Kuzwelonke, iChile ivame ukuchazwa njengenesimo sezulu saseMedithera sezwekazi lonke esifundeni sayo esiphakathi, kanye nokushisa okumaphakathi okungu-14°C, ihlobo elomile, kanye nobusika obunemvula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yephazili, njengoba isimo sezulu sasehlane, esomile kancane, esifudumele saselwandle, esisezintabeni, esisezintabeni, esishisayo, kanye nesezindaweni ezibandayo zikhona kulo lonke izwe.
Enyakatho, i- Atacama Desert, eyomile kakhulu eMhlabeni , ibusa kakhulu , ngezindawo lapho imvula ingani khona futhi izinga lokushisa lishintshashintsha kakhulu phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Izimo zezulu zaseMedithera, ezifanele ezolimo ikakhulukazi ukulima amagilebhisi, zigxile esifundeni esiphakathi. Eningizimu, isimo sezulu esifudumele saselwandle sibonakala, sinemvula kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, kanti iPatagonia ne-Antarctica zingena endaweni yemimoya ebandayo nenamandla ehlala njalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iChile inezindawo ezihlukile kakhulu zeziqhingi, njenge- Easter Island enesimo sezulu samahlathi emvula ashisayo kanye nesiqhingi saseJuan Fernández esinesimo sezulu esifudumele kakhulu esingaphansi kwesimo sezulu esishisayo. Lolu hlobo lwenza izwe libe lihlukile kakhulu ngokwesimo sezulu.
Iziteshi ezisenyakatho yeChile
Inyakatho ekude kanye nenyakatho eseduze zibonakala ngezimo ezivame ukuba zomile noma ezomile kancane , kodwa indlela izinkathi ezizwakala ngayo iyashintsha kakhulu phakathi kogu, ukwehla okuphakathi kanye nezindawo eziphakeme zase-Andean.
Ihlobo nentwasahlobo enyakatho: I-Atacama isezingeni eliphezulu
Ogwini olusenyakatho (i-Arica, i-Iquique, i-Antofagasta, ne-Caldera), isimo sezulu sinjengogwadule olusogwini olunefu eliningi kanye namazinga okushisa aphakathi ngenxa yolwandle. Ihlobo lithambile kuya ekufudumaleni, ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-20 no-30°C, kanye nethonya elinamandla le-camanchaca, inkungu ebanzi eletha umswakama kodwa cishe ayinamvula.
Ehlane elingaphakathi, isimo sezulu sichazwa njengogwadule oluphelele , olungenamvula nhlobo, izinga lokushisa elibanzi phakathi kwezinsuku ezishisayo nobusuku obubandayo, kanye nesibhakabhaka esicwebile ingxenye enkulu yonyaka. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza lesi sifunda sibe yikhaya lezindawo zokuhlola izinkanyezi ezisezingeni lomhlaba, njengaleyo eseCerro Tololo, kanye nezinye izikhungo zesayensi.
Ethafeni eliphezulu nasemagqumeni ase-Andes, ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-3.500-4.000, ihlobo lihambisana nalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i- Altiplano noma ubusika baseBolivia : umoya omanzi ufika uvela e-Amazon, udala iziphepho zantambama, imvula, ngisho neqhwa. Lapho, isimo sezulu siba yi-steppe ephakeme (Bkw) noma i-subalpine engaphansi komswakama (Cwc), enezitshalo eziningi (i-savanna ephezulu, i-Andean scrubland, amahlumela ase-Andean) kanye nenhlabathi efanelekile yokukhulisa ama-llama nama-alpaca.
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, uma imvula ibilokhu ivuma, ugwadule oludumile olunezimbali lungatholakala enyakatho yeChile : ngokuvamile izindawo ezomile zimbozwa yizimbali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nePan de Azúcar National Park noma iLlanos de Challe, into eheha abathwebuli bezithombe, ososayensi kanye nabantu abanelukuluku abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Nakuba isithombe sengqondo senyakatho singukushisa okungapheli, ubusika kule ndawo buthambile , amazinga okushisa avame ukuba phakathi kuka-10 no-20°C ogwini kanye nokwehla kancane kwezwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokubanda okukhulu. Imvula isalokhu iyivelakancane, ngaphandle kwasethafeni eliphezulu, lapho ithonya lemvula yasehlobo lihlala khona futhi kubonakala ukwehla okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa.
Engxenyeni esenyakatho yeChile, njengoba isimo sezulu sayo esomile kancane sisukela ekubandeni kuya ekufudumaleni, amakwindla aya ngokuya ebanda , enezimvula zasebusika ezivumela ezolimo ngenxa yethonya lawo elomile laseMedithera. Amadolobha afana ne-Ovalle, anezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka elingaba ngu-18°C kanye nemvula eningi ebusika, ayisibonelo esivamile salokhu kuguquka phakathi kogwadule nesimo sezulu saseMedithera ephakathi.
Izinkathi zonyaka endaweni ephakathi: iMedithera iChile
Phakathi kwama-latitude angaba ngu-32° no-38° eningizimu, indawo ephakathi igxila ingxenye enkulu yabantu futhi imelela isithombe esivamile sezinkathi ezine ezichazwe kahle . Isimo sezulu siseMedithera ngezindlela ezahlukene: isimo sezulu esifudumele esinezimvula zasebusika kanye nehlobo elomile, kanye nezimo zasogwini ezithambile kanye nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngaphakathi nezwe.
Intwasahlobo endaweni ephakathi (Septhemba 23 - Disemba 21)
Intwasahlobo yisikhathi esimnandi ngempela emadolobheni afana neSantiago, iValparaÃso, neRancagua. Amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile aphakathi kuka- 15 no-25°C esifundeni esiphakathi , izinsuku ziyakhula, futhi amagquma namasimu aphinde athole uhlaza ngemva kwemvula yasebusika. Amapaki nama-plaza avame ukuphithizela, okwenza kube yisikhathi esifanele sokuhamba ngezinyawo noma ukuphumula ngempelasonto.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda esiphakathi kanye nasezintabeni ze-Andes, izimvula zasentwasahlobo zisengaba khona njalo , zigcina imifula namachibi egcwele. Okwamanje, amapaki amaningi kazwelonke eningizimu aqala ukuvula imizila nezinsizakalo ngokulindela isizini yasehlobo.
Ngokwezinto zokudla, intwasahlobo yaseChile idinga ukudla okusha: ama-ceviche, amasaladi, nezithelo zesizini ezifana nama-strawberry, ama-cherries, nama-blueberry zithatha indawo ephambili kumamenyu. Futhi yisikhathi esifanele sama-barbecue okuqala angaphandle kanye nokujabulela amawayini amhlophe afana ne-Sauvignon Blanc noma i-Chardonnay avela ezigodini ezifana ne-Casablanca noma i-Rapel.
Ihlobo endaweni ephakathi (21 Disemba - 20 Mashi)
Ihlobo ngokungangabazeki liyisizini ethandwa kakhulu kwezokuvakasha zasekhaya. Esigodini esiphakathi, amazinga okushisa avame ukudlula ama-30°C , anezinsuku ezinelanga kakhulu futhi cishe akukho mvula. ISantiago, isibonelo, ifanela uhlobo lwesimo sezulu saseMedithera esisezwenikazi (Csb1), esinesizini ende yesomiso, ilanga eliningi, ubusuku obupholile kancane, kanye nesithwathwa sasebusika esivame ukwenzeka, kodwa ihlobo elomile nelishisayo.
Ogwini oluphakathi (iLa Serena, iValparaÃso, iViña del Mar, iConstitución, iConcepción), ukusondela kolwandle kulinganisela amazinga okushisa. Ihlobo lithambile futhi linomoya opholile , ubusika buthambile kunezwe elingaphakathi, kanti umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku mncane. Kuyinhlanganisela yakudala yamabhishi, ukudla kwasolwandle, kanye nobusuku, ikakhulukazi eViña del Mar nasezindaweni ezizungezile, lapho uMkhosi weViña del Mar ngoFebhuwari uyinto evelele khona.
Ezweni lewayini, ihlobo lihambisana nokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi azovunwa ekupheleni kwesizini kanye nokuqala kwekwindla. Izigodi ezifana neMaipo, iColchagua, neCachapoal zithola umsebenzi omkhulu wezolimo, kuyilapho ukuvakasha nokunambitha izivini kuba yinto evamile kubavakashi kanye nabantu bendawo ngokufanayo.
Ekhishini, ukushisa kuqhubekela phambili ekunikezeni ukudla okulula kakhulu : ama-empanada ngazo zonke izinhlobo zawo, ama-completos (ama-hot dog agcwele i-avocado, utamatisi, i-sauerkraut nama-sauce), i-mote con huesillos njengesiphuzo esivamile esiqabulayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zasolwandle ogwini.
Ikwindla endaweni ephakathi (Mashi 20 - Juni 21)
Ikwindla yisikhathi sokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi kanye nezindawo ezinombala wegolide. Ezindaweni ezifana neSantiago, amazinga okushisa ayashintshashintsha ngendlela efanayo nentwasahlobo , phakathi kuka-10 no-25°C, kodwa umoya uzizwa upholile futhi izimvula zokuqala ezibalulekile zesizini ziqala ukufika.
Ngokubukeka, izivini zezifunda ezifana neColchagua Valley kanye neMaule zipendwe ngemibala ebomvu, e-orenji, nephuzi. Imikhosi yokuvuna iyisici esivamile salezi zinyanga, ngokunambitha iwayini, ukudla kwendabuko, umculo obukhoma, kanye nemisebenzi yamasiko eheha abantu baseChile kanye nezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda esiphakathi, amapaki kazwelonke afana neHuerquehue abonisa amahlathi aqothulayo ambozwe amaqabunga egolide , indawo efanelekile yokuhamba ngezithombe. Yisikhathi sokuthula, ngaphandle kwesizini yezivakashi zasehlobo esiphezulu, esifanele labo abathanda izixuku ezimbalwa kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Etafuleni, ikwindla iletha izitsha ezibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ezingakabi sebusika ngokugcwele : izitshulu ezilula, izithelo ezomisiwe (ama-apula, amapheya) namantongomane, ama-dessert afana nekhekhe le-mille-feuille, kanye nokulungiselela ithanga noma imifino eqala ukuba seqhulwini.
Ubusika endaweni ephakathi (Juni 21 - Septhemba 23)
Ubusika obuphakathi bubonakala ngokubanda okukhulu ngaphakathi ezweni kunasogwini , amaqhwa avame ukuvela ekuseni ezigodini ezingaphakathi ezweni, kanye nemvula engaba maphakathi noma enamandla kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ebangela izikhukhula noma ukudilika komhlaba.
ESantiago, amazinga okushisa aphansi angafinyelela cishe ku-0°C, kanti amazinga okushisa aphezulu angaba ngu-10-15°C. Ezindaweni eziphansi nasezintabeni zase-Andes, iqhwa livumela izindawo zokushushuluza eqhweni ezifana neValle Nevado, iLa Parva, i-El Colorado, nePortillo ukuthi zisebenze, ziheha izivakashi zezwe nezamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yekhwalithi yeqhwa lazo kanye nengqalasizinda etholakalayo.
Phakathi nalezi zinyanga, ukudla okumnandi kusobala ukuthi kuya ezitsheni ezishisayo neziduduzayo : izitshulu zenkukhu noma zenyama yenkomo ezinemifino nelayisi, ubhontshisi nama-noodle (isitshulu semifino, i-pasta nethanga), ama-sopaipilla ane-pebre noma i-chancaca kanye, eningizimu naseChiloé, i-curanto yakudala yokudla kwasolwandle, inyama nemifino okuphekwe ngaphansi komhlaba ngokwesiko.
Iziteshi eziseningizimu naseningizimu
Ukusuka endaweni ezungeze iTemuco eningizimu (iSouthern Zone kanye ne-Austral Zone), isimo sezulu siba nomswakama kakhulu olwandle , ngezinhlobo ze-Cfb (ihlobo elifudumele) kanye ne-Cfc (ihlobo elipholile). Njengoba siqhubekela ePatagonia naseTierra del Fuego, kunezimo zezulu ezibandayo zase-steppe, i-isothermal tundra, kanye, eningizimu nasezindaweni eziphakeme, kunezimo zezulu zase-polar.
Intwasahlobo nehlobo eningizimu nasePatagonia
Emadolobheni afana neTemuco, iValdivia, i-Osorno, nePuerto Montt, imvula iyanda cishe unyaka wonke , yize ihlobo liletha ukuzinza okwengeziwe kanye namazinga okushisa amnandi. Isibonelo, iTemuco ithola isimo sezulu esifudumele, esinemvula kanye nesomiso sasehlobo esifushane, kanti iValdivia ingathola imvula engaphezu kuka-2.500 mm ngonyaka.
Entwasahlobo, izimvula ziyaqhubeka, kodwa izinsuku ziyakhula futhi izindawo ziluhlaza kakhulu. Yisikhathi esihle sokuvakashela iChiloé, iLake District, noma isango eliya ePatagonia , ngoba kunezivakashi ezimbalwa kunasehlobo futhi izitshalo ziluhlaza futhi ziqhakazile.
Ngesikhathi sasehlobo sase-Australia, iPatagonia (izifunda zase-Aysén naseMagallanes), njengenyakatho yePatagonia , inikeza isimo sezulu sayo esihle kakhulu : yize isalokhu iyindawo ebandayo nenomoya, amazinga okushisa ayabekezeleleka, futhi imizila eminingi namapaki kazwelonke, njengeTorres del Paine, asebenza ngokugcwele. Futhi yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokubuka imikhomo, ukubuka iqhwa, kanye nokuhamba ngesikebhe e-fjord.
Ogwini oluseningizimu kakhulu, isimo sezulu saseCfc sikhiqiza ihlobo elipholile kakhulu, kanti izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwezinyanga ezine lingaphezu kuka-10°C. Izindawo ezifana nePuerto Edén zithola imvula engaphezu kuka-5.000 mm minyaka yonke, enomswakama ocishe ufane , isibhakabhaka esigubuzele, kanye nemimoya enamandla.
Ikwindla kanye nobusika eningizimu ekude
Ekwindla, amahlathi aseningizimu ashintsha umbala futhi imvula ihlala ivamile. Kulabo abafuna ulwazi oluthule lwePatagonian , olunezivakashi ezimbalwa kanye nezilwane zasendle ezibonakala kakhulu, yisikhathi esikhangayo kakhulu, yize umuntu kufanele aqaphele ingozi yezimo zezulu ezishintshayo.
Ebusika, iPatagonia neTierra del Fuego ziba zimbi kakhulu: amazinga okushisa azungeza noma ehle ngaphansi kuka-0°C , iqhwa, imimoya engadlula u-150 km/h, kanye nezinsuku ezimfushane kakhulu. EPunta Arenas, isibonelo, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka licishe libe ngu-6°C, kanti amazinga aphezulu angu-10-11°C kuphela ngenyanga efudumele kakhulu kanti amazinga aphansi asebusika acishe abe ngu-0°C.
Eningizimu, eziqhingini eziseningizimu njengeziqhingi zase-Evangelistas noma iziqhingi zase-Diego RamÃrez, isimo sezulu sihlukaniswa njenge- isothermal tundra (ETi) , enamazinga okushisa aphansi njalo, ukumbozwa kwamafu amaningi, imvula engaguquki, kanye nokwenzeka kweqhwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Futhi ngisho nakude kakhulu, eChile Antarctic Territory, ingaphakathi ligcwele isimo sezulu seqhwa elisezindaweni ezibandayo (EF) , lapho amazinga okushisa engaphansi kuka-0°C unomphela, umoya owomile kakhulu kanye nemvula encane, kuyilapho ugu olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Antarctic Peninsula luseduze nesimo sezulu se-tundra (ET), lapho kunezinyanga ezithile ezingaphezu kuka-0°C kanye nokuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwezisekelo zesayensi.
Uma zizonke, izinkathi ezine eChile azigcini nje ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa: zishintsha umbala wendawo, indlela abantu abahamba ngayo, izitsha ezivamile, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okutholakalayo . Noma ubani ohlela uhambo lwakhe noma impilo yansuku zonke enalokhu kungafani engqondweni uzothola okuningi ezweni elinjalo elibi kakhulu nelihlukahlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphupho lakhe ukuhamba phakathi kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, ukulahleka ogwadule olomile kakhulu emhlabeni, ukuskiya eqhweni ngemuva kwe-Andes, noma ukuthosa ngewayini elimnandi ngaphansi kwelanga lasehlobo.