Uma ucabanga ukuthi ubone konke ePrague ngoba usuhambe ngaphesheya kweCharles Bridge, iCastle, kanye ne-Old Town Square izikhathi eziyinkulungwane, usuzothola ukuthi inhloko-dolobha yaseCzech inokuningi ongakunikeza. amakhona amaningi ayimfihlo, anelukuluku futhi angaziwa kangako eziqhubeka zingabonwa yizivakashi eziningi. Kusukela ezigodlweni ezifihliwe kuya emagqumeni agcwele umlando wempi, edlula eminyuziyamu engavamile, ezindleleni ezinezibani zomgwaqo, noma ezindaweni zokuphuza ezingavamile.
Ngezansi uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele kakhulu one- Izindawo ezihlukile, amagugu afihliwe kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile ePragueYakhelwe kokubili izivakashi ezinolwazi kanye nabahambi abanomdlandla abafuna ukuhlola ngale kwezindawo ezivamile zezivakashi, ngisho nasekuhambeleni kwabo kokuqala, lolu hambo lunikeza izingadi zeBaroque ezinemibono emihle, izindlu zezindela zokwenza ubhiya, imizila yobuciko basemgwaqweni, amathuna omlando, amakilabhu asebhishi eceleni koMfula iVltava, kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela zokwenza insipho ezenziwe ngobhiya.
IPrague Yasendulo kanye nezigodlo ezifihliwe: iminyuziyamu nezindawo zokuhlala zomlando
Enhliziyweni yeDolobha Elidala, ngemuva kweSonto leNkosikazi Yethu yaseTýn futhi eduze kwesikwele esikhulu, kufihlwe Indlu Yendandatho YegolideIgatsha lePrague City Museum elivame ukunganakwa. Linemibukiso emibili ethokozisayo kakhulu: umbukiso osebenzisanayo mayelana IPrague kaCharles IV (umbusi ophethe amagugu anjengeCharles Bridge) kanti omunye wabiza EPrague 1606Iphinda ukubukeka kwedolobha ngesikhathi seRenaissance kanye nezikhathi zamaGothic. Yindawo ekahle yokuthola umbono obonakalayo nojabulisayo wokuthi inhloko-dolobha yayibukeka kanjani emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa edlule.
Ibanga elifushane nje ukusuka eCharles Bridge, kukhona elinye igugu elingakaziwa kangako elilindele phakathi kwemigwaqo emincane: i- Isigodlo saseClam-Gallas (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi iGlam-Gallas). Lesi sigodlo sasemadolobheni singenye yezakhiwo zeBaroque ezilondolozwe kahle kakhulu emhlabeni futhi futhi siyisigodlo seBaroque kuphela ePrague esifinyeleleka ngokugcwele emphakathini. Ngekhulu le-18, kwakuyinto yangempela isikhungo sempilo yezenhlalo namasikolapho kwakudlala khona izithombe ezifana noWolfgang Amadeus Mozart noLudwig van Beethoven. Ingaphakathi layo liyimibukiso emihle ye-stucco, imidwebo eqoshiwe, kanye nemihlobiso, ongayihlola ngesivinini sakho ngomhlahlandlela womsindo.
Kude kakhulu nokuxinana kwesikhungo somlando, kodwa kusengaphakathi kwemingcele kamasipala, kulele Izindawo zesigodlo saseCtěniceNjengoba itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yedolobha, le ndawo yasendulo enezivikelo eziqinile enomsuka weGothic, ezungezwe ipaki elikhulu, ibonisa ukuthi impilo yayinjani emaphandleni aseCzech emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Imibukiso ilandelela umlando wedolobha. izindawo zasemaphandleni zendabuko kanye nemisebenzi yezandlakanye nomlando wedolobhana laseVinoř, lapho kutholakala khona isigodlo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, le ndawo ihlinzeka ngenketho yokuhlala emakamelweni athokomele agcinwe esibayeni sangaphambili, okudala isimo sothando nesisemaphandleni.
Esinye isakhiwo esikhulu abantu abaningi abangasinaki, naphezu kwendawo yaso ebaluleke kakhulu eduze kweCharles Bridge, yi- I-KlementinumIngenye yezakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu, lapho isimo sezulu sicishe siqine khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphakathi ungabuka Isonto leMirrorsIhlukile eBohemia ngenxa yokuhlobisa kwayo okugcwele isibuko, umtapo wolwazi weBaroque ohlaba umxhwele (omunye wemihle kakhulu futhi ebalulekile emhlabeni) kanye nowasendulo umbhoshongo wezinkanyeziKusukela phezulu, ungajabulela imibono emihle yesikhungo somlando. Le ndawo igcina namarekhodi ezulu amadala kakhulu eYurophu: ukubonwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuye kwenziwa iminyaka engaphezu kuka-250, into eyingqayizivele emhlabeni.
Izindawo zokubona imibono, amagquma omlando, namapaki anemibono emangalisayo
Enye yezindawo ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu zokubona idolobha ingatholakala ku- Igquma laseVítkovempumalanga yesikhungo somlando. Phezulu kumi iSikhumbuzo Sikazwelonke, ubuciko bemabula nethusi obuqoshwe ngesithunzi esikhulu isithombe samahhashi sika-Jan ŽižkaNjengoba ibhekwa njengenkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu Ephakathi, leli gquma laliyindawo lapho kwakwenzeka khona iziqephu ezibalulekile emlandweni waseCzech, into ecaca kakhulu uma uvakashela ingaphakathi lesikhumbuzo, lapho kulandiswa khona umzabalazo wenkululeko kanye nentando yeningi wombuso waseCzech. Lapha, ngezikhathi zobuKhomanisi, kwaboniswa isidumbu sikamongameli wokuqala wamaKhomanisi waseCzechoslovakia ogcotshwe ngemithi. Ikhefi eluphahleni elinethala elikhulu elikulindile, lapho ungajabulela khona isiphuzo nedolobha lisezinyaweni zakho.
Eduze kakhulu neVítkov kukhona indawo yase- Žižkov, indawo ehlukile edume ngokuba nezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zokugcwala imigoqo ngemitha yesikwele eYurophu. Kodwa-ke, uphawu lwayo olukhulu kunazo zonke yi- Umbhoshongo wethelevishini waseŽižkovNjengoba ingamamitha angu-216 ubude, iyisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke ePrague. Amathole amakhulu kaDavid Černý akhuphuka isakhiwo sawo, kanti idekhi yokubuka, etholakala ngamamitha angu-93 phezulu, inikeza enye yemibono emihle kakhulu yedolobha. Esisekelweni sayo kukhona okuthiwa "elinye ithuna lamaJuda", ithuna elidala laseŽižkov, elingavakashelwa kakhulu kunelidumile emhlabeni wonke eJosefov, kodwa elinomoya othakazelisayo nozolile ngokulinganayo."
Ngasogwini lwesobunxele lwe-Vltava, INtaba iPetrin Inikeza elinye iphaphu eliluhlaza eligcwele izimanga. Igquma, elingamamitha ayi-140 ukuphakama futhi elakhiwe ezivinini ezindala (ezinye izivini zisekhona), ligcwele izindlela eziwela phakathi kwezihlahla. Lapho uzohlangana khona amapaki, amasonto amancane, izindawo zokubukela ngisho nendawo yokubuka esibukweni Kuyajabulisa abantu abanesifiso esikhulu. Kungenye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu izakhamuzi zasePrague ukuhambahamba, ukushanela ilanga noma ukuba ne-picnic, into efana ne-"Central Park" yendawo.
Esiqongweni seNtaba iPetrin kumi Umbhoshongo wokubuka we-PetrinUMbhoshongo wasePrague, isakhiwo sensimbi esingamamitha angu-60 ubude esiphefumulelwe uMbhoshongo we-Eiffel, mfushane kakhulu kunowaseParis. Indawo yawo ephakeme isho ukuthi isiqongo sawo cishe sisezingeni elifanayo ngaphezu kolwandle njengoMbhoshongo we-Eiffel. Ungakhuphuka izitebhisi ezingaba ngu-300 noma ukhokhe imali encane ukuze uthathe ilifti. Imibono yePrague Castle, iCathedral, i-Old Town, kanye namabhuloho phezu koMfula iVltava ekushoneni kwelanga iyamangalisa ngempela.
Eduze kombhoshongo kukhona ohlakaniphile Isonto LaseSan LorenzoYakhiwe endaweni yesonto lasendulo lamaRoma, yake yaba yindawo yokuhlala futhi manje isebenza njengehholo lekhonsathi, igcina umlingiswa wayo womlando. Ingxenye yoMkhosi waseNtwasahlobo wasePrague yenzeka lapha entwasahlobo. Ukuhamba ibanga elifushane ukusuka lapha, ungabona nengxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi Udonga Lwendlala, isakhiwo, ngokwesiko, esayalelwa ukuba sakhiwe nguCharles IV ngokuyinhloko ukuze sihlinzeke ngomsebenzi kanye nomholo omncane kubantu ngezikhathi zobunzima bezomnotho.
Kwenye indawo ephakeme yedolobha, Inkundla ye-Hanavský Ibheke uMfula iVltava ukusuka eLetná Park. Lesi sakhiwo, esihlanganisa insimbi eqinisiwe, ingilazi, kanye nokhonkolo, sakhiwe eMbukisweni ka-1891 futhi sasingesikaNkosana uWilhelm Hanavský. Ukusuka lapho, umuntu angajabulela imibono emihle ye wonke amabhuloho awela umfulaNjengoba isikhungo somlando siyindawo engemuva, ngokuvamile asinabantu abaningi kakhulu kunezindawo zokubuka ezidumile. Ekushoneni kwelanga, ilanga lishona phezu koMfula iVltava, kuyindawo okunzima ukuyinqoba.
Izingadi, izindawo ezimanzi zasemadolobheni kanye namahlathi ngaphakathi kwedolobha
Ngezansi kwePrague Castle, kude nezixuku ezizulazula ezinqabeni, kukhona iqoqo lezinto izingadi zesigodlo Zixhumene, lezi zingadi zinikeza indawo yokuzola yangempela enhliziyweni yedolobha. Zifinyeleleka kalula ukusuka eValdštejnská Street, eduze kwesiteshi sikamasipala iMalostranská, inhlanganisela yazo yezakhiwo zomlando, izitebhisi, ama-terrace, kanye nemvelo ezungezile kuzenza zibe indawo efanelekile yokuphumula ngemva kokuvakashela iNqaba.
Amamitha ambalwa nje ukusuka lapha kukhona igugu langempela lale ndawo: i Ingadi yaseVrtba (noma iVrtbovská zahrada), enye yezingadi ezinhle kakhulu zeBaroque eCzech Republic. Umklamo wayo obanzi wenza kube mnandi kakhulu futhi unikeza imibono emihle kakhulu ngePrague Castle ngemuva. Nakuba isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuvakashela ukuphela kuka-Ephreli noMeyi, lapho izitshalo seziphezulu, ingadi iyathandeka unyaka wonke. Kwabaningi abavakashela idolobha ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukuthola le ngadi kungenye yalezo zikhathi "ezimangalisayo" ezingalindelekile.
Kungekude nesikhungo, kodwa kungaziwa nhlobo, Ingadi ye-Ztracenka e-Albertov Iziveza njengepharadesi elincane eliluhlaza phakathi kwedolobha elikhulu. Leli paki elinophahla, eliseduze neVyšehrad, lilungele ukuphumula, ukufunda isikhashana, noma ukujabulela... Imibono ehlukene yePrague kusuka ekhoneni elingajwayelekile. Ngokuvamile ayinalutho kakhulu kunezinye izindawo zokupaka, ngakho-ke kungcono uma ufuna ikhefu langempela ekuxokozeleni nasekuphithizeleni.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yedolobha, Ipaki laseGrebovka Izingadi zaseHavlíček zihlanganisa imvelo, ifa, kanye namasiko ewayini. Kufihlwe enhliziyweni yepaki kukhona indawo yasendulo umhume wokwenziwa ongayihlola; yindawo ekhangayo kakhulu. Ngokombono wayo, ungabona ingxenye enhle yePrague, futhi isivini esisanda kuvuselelwa sinezela ukuthinta okukhethekile kuyo yonke indawo. Lapha unganambitha iwayini lendawo endaweni ekhangayo I-Gazebo Yokhuni Yesivini Itholakala ngaphezu kwesivini, noma hlala ethala le-Pavilon Grébovka cafe, eligcina ikhophi eyingqayizivele ye-bowling alley yekhulu le-19.
Uma ufuna ukuzizwa sengathi ubalekele ehlathini ngaphandle kokushiya idolobha, hamba uye Indawo yokuhlala yasehlobo yaseHvězda kanye nendawo yayo yokugcina amahlathi. Phakathi kwepaki enehlathi kumi isakhiwo esimangalisayo seRenaissance esime njengenkanyezi enamaphuzu ayisithupha, esakhiwe njengendlu yasehlobo. Nokho, okukhetheke ngempela yipaki lamahlathi ngokwalo, elibhekwa njengenye yezindawo zokugcina ePrague lapho imvelo ecishe ingathintekingaphandle kokugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu noma ukusabalala kwamadolobha kakhulu. Ebusika, njengoba kuyindawo lapho iqhwa lihlala khona isikhathi eside, kuyinto evamile yokushushuluza eqhweni.
Izindawo ezikhangayo nezindawo ezinganekwane
Eduze kakhulu neNqaba yasePrague kukhona enye yamakhona ayingqayizivele edolobheni: okuthiwa Izwe Elisha laseHradčanyLapha, enhliziyweni yesikhungo somlando, imigwaqo emincane, ethule ibonakala sengathi ingeyedolobhana elikude, elinezindlu zezinganekwane, ezinye zazo ezenziwe ngokhuni, ezibonakala ziqandisiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhambahamba kule ndawo, okungakaze kuthiwe amakhulu eminyaka, kuyindlela enhle yokuzwa uhlangothi oluhlukile ngokuphelele lwePrague ngaphandle kokuphambuka emizileni evamile yezivakashi.
Endaweni yaseMalá Strana, Isiqhingi saseKampa Iphinde ifihle amakhona akhethekile. Eduze kakhulu nodonga oludumile lukaJohn Lennon, uzothola I-Grand Prior's Mill (Velkopřevorský mlýn)I-watermill endala ibekwe ngaphansi kwesinye sezinsika zeCharles Bridge. Ebusika, lapho iqhwa liqongelela esondweni, umkhathi ucishe ube yinto engavamile. Ibhuloho elincane elihlanganisa umsele wase-Čertovka, lapho i-mill ingabonakala khona, limbozwe ngezingidi ezishiywe imibhangqwana, njengasezindaweni eziningi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Isakhiwo se-mill siguqulwe saba yindawo yokudlela.
Budebuduze nalapho, ekhoneni laseMalá Strana, kukhona umhubhe omncane kangangokuthi usube ngenye yezindawo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ePrague: i umzila wokukhanya kwethrafikhiKuyindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo evumela umuntu oyedwa ukuba adlule ngesikhathi, futhi ukuze kugwenywe ukuminyana kwezivakashi, ilawulwa yilambu lomgwaqo labahamba ngezinyawo emaphethelweni omabili. Uma ukukhanya kuba luhlaza, uyawela; uma kubomvu, kufanele ulinde. Uhlangothi olulodwa luholela emgwaqweni womphakathi kanti olunye luholela emnyango webha, lapho uzothola khona ithala elinombono omuhle woMfula iVltava kanye neCharles Bridge.
Eduze kwendlela, ungathola ezinye zezithombe ezivusa inkanuko kakhulu ze- UDavid ČernýUmculi ongahloniphi kakhulu eCzech Republic. Omunye wemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu kule ndawo ngowomuntu wesilisa ochama echibini elibunjwe njengemephu yeCzech Republic. Ngokuhamba kwawo, izithombe "zibhala" imishwana edumile, futhi kukhona ngisho nenketho yokuthumela umlayezo enombolweni ekhonjisiwe ukuze "badwebe" umlayezo uma bewucela.
Izinqaba, amathuna kanye nenkumbulo yomlando
Ngale kwenqaba, iPrague igcina ezinye izindawo ezivikelwe ezigxile emlandweni. Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu yi- Inqaba yaseVyšehradokuyinto izivakashi eziningi ezikhohlwa ukuyifaka ohambweni lwazo. Le ndawo eyinkimbinkimbi, etholakala endaweni enamadwala eduze koMfula iVltava, ihlanganisa izindonga, amapaki, imibono engenakunqotshwa yomfula, kanye nezakhiwo eziningana zomlando. Kodwa-ke, indawo yayo ekhetheke kakhulu yi- Amathuna aseVyšehrad, lapho kulele khona ezinye zezikhulu ezinkulu zesiko laseCzech.
Amathuna omdwebi wesimanje atholakala kuleli thuna. U-Alfons MuchaIndawo yokungcwaba, enezithombe zayo eziqoshiwe kanye namangcwaba ayo, iyindawo efanelekile yokuqonda kangcono ukuziqhenya ngamasiko ezwe. Imisebenzi yomqambi u-Antonín Dvořák noBedřich Smetana, umbhali womculo we-symphonic odumile othi "My Country," mhlawumbe ucezu lomculo waseCzech oludumile emhlabeni wonke, nayo ifakiwe.
Esinye isikhala esisimema ukuba sikhumbule izikhathi ezimnyama zekhulu lama-20 yilesi Isikhumbuzo Sabahlukunyezwa BobuKhomanisiItholakala phansi kweNtaba iPetrin, yakhiwe ngabantu abayisikhombisa abehla ngezitebhisi, ngamunye "ewohloka" kakhulu kunabokugcina: njengoba behla, balahlekelwa izingxenye zemizimba yabo kuze kube yilapho becishe banyamalale. Lokhu konakala okungokomzimba kufanekisela ukulahlekelwa kanye nokuwohloka wahlushwa abantu ngaphansi kombuso wamaKhomanisi. Ensimini, ibhendi enombhalo ibonisa inani lalabo ababoshwa, bashushiswa, futhi babulawa ngaleyo minyaka. Lesi sikhumbuzo, esavulwa phakathi kwempikiswano, sasiyinhloso yokuhlaselwa ngebhomu ngemuva nje kokuvulwa kwaso.
Isahluko mayelana nenkumbulo yomlando sihlanganisa futhi umbhoshongo wamanzi weNew Mills, osebeni lwesokudla lweVltava. Lesi sakhiwo seBaroque manje sinombukiso ohlala njalo mayelana nezindawo ezinkulu imililo ebhekene nePrague Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka kanye nokuthuthuka komnyango womlilo wedolobha. Kuyindlela ehlukile futhi ethakazelisayo kakhulu yokusondela esikhathini esidlule sasemadolobheni, ngale kwamagama avamile.
Iminyuziyamu eyingqayizivele, umlingo kanye ne-alchemy ePrague
Phakathi kweminyuziyamu engavamile edolobheni, leyo ebizwa ngokuthi Imyuziyamu ye-AlchemyItholakala endlini yakudala yesazi se-alchemist u-Edward Kelley, owayesebenzela inkantolo yoMbusi uRudolf II. Umbusi wayekhathazekile ngokuthola umuthi wobusha obuphakade kanye netshe lesazi sefilosofi, kanti uKelley wayengomunye wabantu abahilelekile kulolu phenyo. Namuhla, indlu isibe yimyuziyamu egcwele izimbiza, imithi, namathuluzi angavamile.
Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, wehlela eqenjini labantu imigudu namakamelo angaphansi komhlaba Njengoba itholakale muva nje, ngo-2002, le ndawo igcina ama-oven okuqala, izinto zokugcoba, nezitsha ezisisiza sicabange ukuthi ososayensi be-alchemy bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kanjani. Ukungena kungenzeka kuphela ngokuvakasha okuqondisiwe kwemyuziyamu uqobo, okwengeza umongo futhi kwenza ukuvakasha kube mnandi kakhulu.
Uma unesithakazelo kumasiko ezincwadi kanye nemitapo yolwazi, uzothola okulandelayo enkabeni yedolobha: Umtapo Wolwazi Kamasipala wasePrague, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu enhloko-dolobha. Nakuba izindawo zayo zomlando zihlanganisa izingcezu ezindala njengeBhayibheli elanyatheliswa ngo-1488, izivakashi eziningi zikhangwa kakhulu ukufakwa kwalo “Isisho"Umbhoshongo wezinkulungwane zezincwadi ezihlanganisiwe, ngenxa yokudlala ngobuhlakani kwezibuko, okunikeza umbono wokuba umthombo ongenamkhawulo wemiqulu. Umgodi omncane onjengezinyembezi ukuvumela ukuthi ubheke ngaphakathi bese uthatha esinye sezithombe zokuqala edolobheni."
Ngawo wonke la makhona ayimfihlo, izingadi ezifihliwe, amagquma omlando, iminyuziyamu engavamile, imigoqo enetimu, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-geeky, kusobala ukuthi IPrague ingaphezu kakhulu kwamakhadi ayo eposi adumile kakhulu Futhi inikeza izinto eziningi zokuvakasha okuningana ngaphandle kokuphinda uziphinde. Uma uhlanganisa ezinye zalezi zindawo nezinto zakudala okumele uzibone, uzoba nohambo oluphelele kakhulu, oluyiqiniso, nolujabulisayo, olukwazi ukumangaza ngisho nalabo ababecabanga ukuthi bayalazi idolobha ngaphakathi nangaphandle.