Vietnam Yizwe lapho impilo yansuku zonke ijikeleza khona amasiko okhokho, imikhosi enemibala, kanye nenhlonipho ejulile ngomndeni. Hamba wedwa Akukhona nje ukushintsha indawo: kumayelana nokungena endleleni ehlukile yokuqonda isikhathi, umphakathi, kanye nobudlelwano nokhokho.
Lapho ekhuluma Amasiko ama-3 aseVietnam Abantu bavame ukucabanga ngoNyaka Omusha WamaShayina, ukukhulekelwa kokhokho, kanye nemishado yendabuko, kodwa lokho kumane kuyisiqalo. Indawo yonke yemikhosi, amasiko, amasiko okuzalwa nokufa, ukudla okungokomfanekiso, kanye nezinganekwane ezichaza imvelaphi yabantu baseVietnam kanye nezindawo zabo ezidumile kakhulu zihlanganiswe nala masiko.
I-Tết: Unyaka Omusha Wenyanga waseVietnam
I-Tet, noma uNyaka Omusha Wenyanga, umkhosi obaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke ikhalenda laseVietnamKugujwa phakathi kukaJanuwari noFebhuwari, ngokwekhalenda lenyanga, futhi kuphawula ukuphela konyaka omdala kanye nokuqala konyaka omusha, ngenani elikhulu lophawu lomndeni nolokomoya.
Ngalezi zinsuku, imindeni ihlangana ekhaya lomndeni ukuze Hlonipha okhokho bakho, hlanza inhlanhla eqongelelwe, futhi uhehe ukuchuma.Indlu ishanelwe kahle, iminyango ihlotshisiwe, futhi iminikelo ilungiselelwa e-altare lasekhaya, ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi izihlobo ezifile ziyabuya zizogubha nenzalo yazo.
Esinye sezimpawu ezibalulekile ze-Tết yi- i-banh chungIkhekhe eliyisikwele elenziwe ngelayisi elimnandi, elivame ukugcwala ingulube nobhontshisi be-mung, ligoqwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza bese liphekwa amahora amaningi. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, leli khekhe limelela umhlaba futhi kwakuyisidlo esithobekile kodwa esinenjongo esavumela inkosana ukuba ikhethwe njengomlandeli weNkosi uHung.
Enyakatho yezwe, izindlu zihlotshiswe nge- amagatsha esihlahla samapentshisi aqhakazayo (hoa dao)Eningizimu, izimbali ze-apricot eziphuzi (hoa mai) ziyathandwa. Lezi zimbali ziphawula ngokubonakalayo ukufika konyaka omusha futhi zihlotshaniswa nenhlanhla, injabulo, kanye nokuvuselelwa.
Ngesikhathi se-Tet, bayashintshana futhi izimvilophu ezibomvu ezinemali (li xi) Phakathi kwamalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi kusukela kwabadala kuya ezinganeni ezincane, kuyindlela yokubafisela inhlanhla nempumelelo. Imigwaqo igcwele iziqhumane, umculo, izimakethe ezikhethekile, kanye nesimo esigxile kakhulu emndenini: abantu abaningi baseVietnam abahlala kude babuyela edolobheni lakubo ukuyochitha lezi zinsuku nabathandekayo babo.
Umkhosi Wamaphakathi Nekwindla (Tết Trung Thu)
UMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla, owaziwa ngokuthi I-Tết Trung ThuKugujwa ngobusuku benyanga egcwele yenyanga yesishiyagalombili, futhi kuhlobene kakhulu ubuntwana, umndeni, kanye nokubonga ngesivunoEkuqaleni kwakuwumkhosi wezolimo wokubonga ukuphela kokuvunwa kwelayisi, namuhla ugujwa ikakhulukazi njengomkhosi omkhulu wabantwana.
Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, osaziwayo bayadliwa. amakhekhe e-mooncakeAma-pastry ayindilinga agcwele ubhontshisi, iqanda elinosawoti, noma imbewu ehlukahlukene. Akuwona nje amaswidi alula: anikezwa umndeni nabangane njengophawu lokwazisa, futhi ukuma kwawo okuyisiyingi kufanekisela ukuphelela, ubunye, kanye nobunye.
Ebusuku, amadolobha namadolobhana agcwala imibuthano yezingane enezibani ezimibalabalaIzingane zihamba emigwaqweni ziphethe izibani ezibunjwe njengezinkanyezi, izinhlanzi, onogwaja, noma abalingiswa bendabuko, kuyilapho kuhlelwa imibukiso yopopayi bamanzi, umculo wesintu, kanye nemidanso yengonyama nodrako.
Incazelo ejulile yeholide ithi Ukuqinisa isibopho phakathi kwabazali nezingane Emongweni wenala ngemva kokuvuna, amakhaya amaningi alungisa amathileyi ezithelo namaswidi akhethekile ukuze anike izingane, okhokho, kanye nenyanga, okubhekwa njengophawu lokugcwala nokuzwana.
Ukukhulekela okhokho: umphefumulo wesiko laseVietnam
Uma kukhona umkhuba owodwa odlula kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi waseVietnam, ukukhulekelwa kwamadloziIhlanganiswe kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke kangangokuthi, ngaphezu kwenkolo, isebenza njengohlaka lwengqondo oluqondisa ubudlelwano bomndeni, ukuziphatha, ngisho nezinqumo ezibalulekile.
Cishe wonke amakhaya, amahhovisi, namabhizinisi amancane anayo i-altare elinikezelwe kokhokhoNjengoba itholakala endaweni ehlonishwa kakhulu kule ndawo, ihlotshiswe ngezithombe noma amabhodi anegama labafileyo, izinti zempepho, izimbali, izithelo, utshwala, amaswidi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amakhophi ephepha ezinto zesimanje njengemali yamaphepha, izindlu, izithuthuthu, noma izimoto.
Ingqondo ilula: kukholelwa ukuthi Imiphefumulo yamalungu omndeni ashonile iyaqhubeka nokuhamba nomndeni Izizukulwane ezimbili noma ezintathu, bayamvikela futhi bamluleke kwenye indawo. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphilayo banesibopho sokuziphatha sokubanakekela ngeminikelo, inhlonipho, kanye nenkumbulo, ukuze bangazizwa bekhohliwe.
Ngezinsuku zenyanga entsha nenyanga egcwele, ngezinsuku zemikhosi, noma lapho kuqala iphrojekthi ebalulekile (ukuthutha, ukuvula ibhizinisi, ukuzalwa komntwana), kuba njalo Bakhanyisa izinti zempepho futhi "bakhuluma" nokhokhobecela ukwesekwa kwabo kanye nenhlanhla. Baphinde baxoxiswane nabo ngezinqumo ezibucayi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqiniswa umqondo wokuqhubeka phakathi kwezizukulwane.
Ezinsukwini zokugcina zonyaka wenyanga, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi u-cung tien thuongLona umkhuba wokumema okhokho ukuthi "babuyele ekhaya" futhi bagubhe i-Tết nomndeni. Ngaphambi kwalokho, izihlobo zivakashela futhi zihlanze amathuna, ziwahlobise ngezimbali neminikelo, njengoba nje zihlanza futhi zihlobisa ikhaya lomndeni ukuze zamukele unyaka omusha.
Izinto zephepha ezishiswa emgwaqweni—izincwadi mbumbulu, izindlu, izingubo, omakhalekhukhwini bekhadibhodi—zimelela izipho ezingokomfanekiso ezithunyelwa kwelinye izweNjengoba zisha, "umoya" wazo uyahamba uye ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa ukuze okhokho bakwazi ukuzisebenzisa. Yingakho imililo emincane ibonakala ezindaweni nasemadolobheni ngezikhathi ezithile.
Lolu hlelo lokukholelwa lukhuthaza imibono emithathu ebalulekile: impilo yomuntu ngamunye iyingxenye eyodwa kuphela uchungechunge olude kakhulu lwezizukulwaneIsikhathi esidlule nesamanje singahlala ndawonye; futhi ukuziphatha kwamanje kuthonya ngqo isiphetho sezingane nabazukulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuziphatha okuhle akuyona nje indaba yomuntu ngamunye, kodwa kuyisibopho ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Amanye amaholide amakhulu enkolo nawomphakathi
Ngaphandle kwe-Tet kanye ne-Mid-Autumn, ikhalenda laseVietnam ligcwele imikhosi yenkolo namaholide kazwelonke eziveza ingxubevange yobuBuddha, ubuTao, ubuConfucian kanye nezinkolelo ezidumile.
El Umkhosi weThanh MinhNgokuvamile libizwa ngokuthi "uSuku Lwabafileyo," liwumkhosi wesibili obaluleke kakhulu ngemva koNyaka Omusha. Imindeni ivakashela amathuna ezihlobo zayo, iwahlanze ngokucophelela, ivuselele iminikelo, futhi ithandaze, ngaleyo ndlela iqinise isibopho phakathi kwabaphilayo nabafileyo.
El Vu Lan o Trung NguyenOwaziwa nangokuthi uMkhosi Wezipoki Ezilambile, ugujwa ngosuku lwe-15 lwenyanga yesikhombisa. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngalolo suku Imiphefumulo ehlushwayo ingakhululwa ekuhluphekeni kwayo.Ngakho-ke, imindeni iza emathempelini amaBuddha namathileyi okudla, izimbali nezithelo, futhi ishiya neminikelo emagcekeni nasemakhoneni ukuze leyo mimoya engenabantwana iyihloniphe.
El Usuku lokuzalwa lukaVesak noma lukaBuddha Kugujwa ukuzalwa, ukukhanyiselwa, kanye nokufa kukaBuddha. Kugujwa ngenyanga yesine yenyanga ngamathempeli ahlotshisiwe, imithandazo ehlanganyelwe, izinkulumo zezindela, kanye nokukhanyisa amakhandlela ezimbalini ze-lotus ezintantayo, ezikhishwa emifuleni nasemachibini ngezifiso zokuthula nokuhlakanipha.
Ezingeni lomphakathi, Usuku Lokuhlanganiswa Umhla zingama-30 kuMbasa ukhumbula ukuwa kweSaigon ngo-1975 kanye nokuphela kwempi. Amadolobha amakhulu ahlela imibuthano, iziqhumane, kanye nemisebenzi yamasiko, eqokomisa ukuziqhenya kwesizwe kanye nokuzinikela okuhlangene okwaholela ekuhlanganisweni kwezwe.
Ukungenisa izihambi kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana
Ukungenisa izihambi kungenye yezimpawu ezichaza izwe: Abantu baseVietnam bayayithanda. Mema izivakashi ukuthi zidle, zabelane ngetiye, futhi zenze izivakashi zizizwe zamukelekile.Ukwenqaba isimemo ngokuphindaphindiwe kungabhekwa njengokungahloniphi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwamukela okungenani kanye.
Uma uletha izipho ekhaya lomndeni, kutuswa ukuthi zibe khona. imikhiqizo okunzima ukuthi bayithole. —into ejwayelekile ezweni lakubo, isibonelo—kunezinto ezishibhile noma ezivamile ezivela emakethe yendawo. Uma unezingane, kungcono ukunikeza ngamunye isipho esincane, esikhundleni sokunikeza isikhwama samaswidi ukuze babelane ngaso.
Uma kuphakelwa itiye, kuwukuhlonipha ukuba nenhlonipho. Yamukele bese uphuza okungenani kancaneNgisho noma kukhona ukungathembi amanzi endawo, isenzo sibaluleke kakhulu kunobuningi bawo, futhi kuyindlela yokubonisa inhlonipho nokubonga ngokungenisa izihambi.
Emakhaya, amalungiselelo okuhlala kanye nohlelo lwenkonzo kuyahlonishwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. uhla lwezikhundla ngokweminyaka kanye nesimoAsebekhulile bahlala ezindaweni ezivelele kakhulu futhi bavame ukuphakelwa kuqala. Kuvamile ukuthi abasebenzi noma amanye amalungu omndeni ahlale eceleni noma adle kwenye indawo lapho kunezivakashi, hhayi njengophawu lokungahloniphi, kodwa ukuze izivakashi zizizwe zinakwa kakhulu.
Ezingxoxweni, isitayela esiqondile ngokweqile—ukugxeka obala, ukuphakamisa izwi, ukubonisa intukuthelo—kungahunyushwa njengokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukuzithiba. Izindinganiso zomphakathi... ukuzithiba, ukubekezela, kanye nekhono "lokugcina ukubukeka"ngisho nasezimweni ezishubile. Yingakho abantu bevame ukugwema ukuthi “cha” ngqo bese bekhetha izimpendulo ezijikelezayo noma ezingacacile.
Ngalo lonke lolu chungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lwamasiko, imikhosi, imithetho yokuziphatha, amasiko omndeni, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kobuzwe nokwenkolo, iVietnam ikhombisa isiko lapho umndeni, inhlonipho ngokhokho, ukungenisa izihambi, kanye nokuqina Zihlala ziyimicu eqondisayo, ngisho naphakathi kokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kanye noshintsho olusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ukusondela emasikweni abo ngentshisekelo nangenhlonipho akuvumeli umuntu ukuthi ahambe ezweni elithakazelisayo kuphela, kodwa futhi aqonde kangcono ukuthi abantu bakwazile kanjani ukugcina ubuwena babo buphila phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ezimpi, imisebenzi kanye nokuguqulwa.