Amasiko ase-Ukraine angaphezulu kakhulu kwemikhosi embalwa emihle: akha uchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemikhuba, izinkolelo, izenzo zansuku zonke, kanye nemikhosi ehlanganisa abantu okuye kwadingeka bavikele ubuwena babo kaningi. Ngemikhosi yabo yenkolo, izinganekwane, ukudla, kanye nokusebenzisana nabantu, abantu base-Ukraine balondoloze isiko eliyingqayizivele, ngisho nangaphansi kwemibuso, ohulumeni bobushiqela kanye nezimpi.
Iningi lala masiko ase-Ukraine lihlanganisa izici zobuKristu—ikakhulukazi ama-Orthodox namaGreki amaKatolika—nezinsalela zamahlelo obuqaba aseSlavic asendulo. Amanye athonywe yinkathi yamaSoviet noma ukuxhumana namasiko angomakhelwane. Ukuwaqonda akusizi nje kuphela umuntu ukuhamba ezweni kalula futhi agweme ubunzima bezenhlalo, kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukuqonda okujulile ngomlando walo, ubuciko, kanye nokuziqhenya kwamasiko ase-Ukraine agujwa ngakho namuhla.
Amasiko ayinhloko namaholide ekhalenda lase-Ukraine
Imikhosi yendabuko yase-Ukraine ihlelwa ngokwekhalenda likaJulian lasendulo kanye nomjikelezo wezolimo oye waphawula izimpilo zabalimi amakhulu eminyaka. Imikhosi eminingi yenkolo ihlangana nemikhosi yobuqaba ehlobene nokuzala, ilanga, amanzi, noma isivuno, futhi iyenzeka emindenini nasemiphakathini ngamandla amakhulu angokomfanekiso.
Phakathi nalezi zinsuku ezikhethekile, isiko lase-Ukraine libonisa uhlu lwalo oluphelele: izingoma zemikhosi, ukudla okuthile, iminikelo esontweni, imidanso, imiqhele yezimbali, isinkwa esibusisiwe, amaqanda ahlotshisiwe, ngisho nokugxuma phezu kwemililo emikhulu. Lezi akuzona nje izenzo zendabuko zezivakashi; emadolobheni amaningi nasemadolobheni, zihlala ziyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo engokomoya neyomphakathi.
UKhisimusi NoKhisimusi (i-Sviata Vecheria / Sviatvechir)
E-Ukraine, uKhisimusi wama-Orthodox ugujwa ngoJanuwari 7 ngokwekhalenda likaJulian, kanti ubusuku obubalulekile bungangoJanuwari 6, obaziwa ngokuthi yiSviata Vecheria noma iSviatvechir, iSidlo Esingcwele noma uKhisimusi. Ngalobo busuku, umndeni ubuthana lapho kuvela inkanyezi yokuqala esibhakabhakeni, ikhumbuza iNkanyezi yaseBetlehema, bese kuphela lapho beqala khona ukudla.
Itafula likaKhisimusi lilungiswa ngezitsha ezingu-12 zeLenten ezingenanyama ukuhlonipha abaphostoli abayishumi nambili. Izinto ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi i-kutia (ukolweni ophekiwe noju, imbewu ye-poppy, izithelo ezomisiwe, namantongomane), i-uzvar (i-compote yezithelo ezomisiwe), isinkwa esisanda kubhakwa, i-borscht (inguqulo elungiselelwe ukuzila ukudla), kanye ne-varenyky (ama-dumpling) agcwele amazambane, iklabishi, noma amakhowe. Isidlo ngasinye sinencazelo engokomfanekiso ehlobene nobuningi, impilo, kanye nobunye bomndeni.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuculwa izingoma zikaKhisimusi zase-Ukraine, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-kolyadky , ezihlanganisa izihloko zobuKristu nezingoma zobuqaba. Amaqembu ezingane nentsha aya endlini ngendlu ehlabelela, efisela ukuchuma, futhi ephonsa okusanhlamvu kukakolweni noma kwebhali ngaphakathi njengesibonakaliso sengcebo nesivuno esihle. Ngokubuyisela, ababungazi babapha amaswidi, izinhlamvu zemali, noma imali ethile.
Amaqanda ePhasika nama-pysanka
IPhasika lama-Orthodox umkhosi wenkolo obaluleke kakhulu wonyaka. Ugujwa entwasahlobo, ngokuvamile ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga egcwele yokuqala yesizini. Isimo singesenjabulo yangempela: kubhekwa njengokunqoba kokuphila phezu kokufa, futhi le njabulo iyabonakala kokubili emasontweni nasemigwaqweni.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kwePhasika, imindeni ilungiselela ubhasikidi wokudla ngezinto ezivamile zePhasika: isinkwa sephasika esimnandi , amasoseji, ibhotela, amaqanda abilisiwe futhi anombala, ubhekeni, i-horseradish, igalikhi, futhi ngokuvamile usawoti noshizi. Lo bhasikidi uyiswa esontweni ukuze ubusiswe, futhi ngemva komkhosi wePhasika, ukuzila ukudla kuqedwa ngokudla lokhu kudla ekhaya, kuqala ngesinkwa sephasika.
Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu amaqanda e-pysanka , ahlotshiswe nge-wax kanye nodayi bemvelo kusetshenziswa indlela ye-batik. I-motif nombala ngamunye unencazelo: ukuzala, ukuvikelwa, uthando, ukuvuselelwa… Esikhathini esidlule, la maqanda ayebhekwa njengezinto eziyigugu, futhi namuhla ahlala eluphawu olunamandla lobuwena base-Ukraine.
U-Ivan Kupala: Amasiko Amanzi, Umlilo, kanye Nomlingo Wasehlobo
Ubusuku buka-Ivan Kupala—Julayi 6-7—ngumkhosi wasendulo wamaSlavic we-summer solstice owashintshwa yisonto laba ngamaKristu ngaphansi komfanekiso kaSanta John. Kungenye yezikhathi zonyaka lapho ukuhlanganiswa kobuqaba nobuKristu kubonakala kakhulu e-Ukraine.
Phakathi nalo mkhosi, umlilo, amanzi, namakhambi kuba yinto ephambili . Emadolobheni amaningi, kubaswa imililo emikhulu, futhi intsha inesibindi sokugxuma phezu kwamalangabi ibambene ngezandla: uma ifika ngokuphepha ngaphesheya, kukholakala ukuthi ubuhlobo bayo buzoqina futhi buhlale isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi avela emifuleni nasemachibini abhekwa njengahlanzayo.
Amantombazane aluka imiqhele yezimbali zasendle bese ezibeka emanzini. Kuye ngokuthi zikhukhuleka kuphi nokuthi ziyacwila noma ziyacwila, zihunyushwa njengezibonakaliso zothando: umshado ozayo, ukuhlukana, ukulinda isikhathi eside… Inganekwane yembali ye-fern, ebonakala phakathi kwamabili kuphela ebusuku baseKupala futhi inika noma ngubani oyitholayo ikhono lokubona ikusasa, inezela ukuthinta komlingo kuyo yonke.
Imikhosi yasekwindla kanye nokuphela kwesivuno
Umjikelezo wasekwindla wamasiko ezolimo ase-Ukraine ujikeleza ekupheleni kokuvuna kanye nokubuya kwemfuyo emadlelweni asehlobo. Iningi lala masiko lihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuchuma kwamasimu, impilo yemfuyo, kanye nokuqhubeka komndeni.
Emadolobheni, le mikhosi ivame ukugcinwa emakhaya, emibuthanweni yomndeni neyomakhelwane enokudla okuningi, izingoma, imidanso, kanye nemikhuba emincane yasekhaya. Ikwindla iphinde iphawule isikhathi sokubonga isivuno kanye nokucela isivikelo ebusika obusondelayo.
Umhla ziyi-19 kuZibandlela yiSuku likaSanta Nicholas , usuku olulindelwe kakhulu yizingane. USaint Nicholas ubhekwa njengomvikeli wezingane, futhi uletha izipho kulabo abebelungile. Izipho zivame ukubonakala ezicathulweni noma ngaphansi kwemicamelo, futhi ngokuvamile ziyizinto ezimnandi, amathoyizi amancane, noma ezinye izinto ezincane.
E-Ukraine, izipho zikaKhisimusi ziphinde zishintshaniswe ngobusuku boNyaka Omusha kanye noSuku LukaKhisimusi, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanganiswa amasiko amaningana. UNyaka Omusha wamukelwa ngezidlo zakusihlwa ezibizayo, ama-toast, umculo, futhi ngokuvamile ngesiko lesikhathi samaSoviet lokupha izipho ngalolu suku kunokuba kube ngoKhisimusi.
Imikhuba emihle lapho uvakashela ikhaya lase-Ukraine
Ukungenisa izihambi e-Ukraine kudumile . Uma umenyiwe ekhaya, kuyinto evamile ukuthi ababungazi babeke eceleni i-china yabo enhle kakhulu, balungiselele ukudla okumnandi kakhulu, futhi banikeze iziphuzo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze bakuphathe kahle. Izivakashi azivame ukucelwa ukuthi zilethe noma yini, kodwa kuyamukeleka ngokuphelele ukufika nebhodlela lotshwala, ikhekhe, noma izimbali zombungazi.
Lapho ungena, cishe njalo kufanele ukhumule izicathulo zakho . Kujwayelekile ukunikezwa ama-slippers, yize ungahamba ungagqokile izicathulo noma ugqoke amasokisi. Ngemva kokubingelelana, izivakashi zivame ukuya ngqo etafuleni, lapho kukhonzwa khona ukudla okuhlukahlukene: amasaladi, ukudla okubandayo, amasobho, izitsha zenyama noma zenhlanzi ezinezitsha eziseceleni (amazambane, imifino), bese ekugcineni kuba ne-dessert, ehambisana netiye noma ikhofi.
Edilini lase-Ukraine, izivakashi zikhuthazwa ukuba zizame konke futhi zithathe imizuzwana . Ukuqeda okusesitsheni sakho kuyindlela yokubonisa ukwazisa ngamakhono okupheka omninikhaya. Ukunikela ukusiza ekucoceni itafula ngemva kwalokho nakho kuyindlela enhle, yize umninikhaya angase akubeke phansi bese ethi akudingeki.
Isinkwa esithosiwe, i-horilka kanye nokuziphatha okuhle etafuleni
Ukuthosa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla nemikhosi. Kunikezwa ama-shot e-horilka (okulingana ne-vodka yase-Ukraine) noma iwayini, futhi i-toast ngayinye ivame ukuhambisana namazwi aqotho okubonga, izilokotho ezinhle, noma ukukhumbula othile. I -toast evame kakhulu yi-"Budmo!", okusho ukuthi "Cheers!"
Into efanele okufanele uyenze ukuphuza ngemva kokuthosa ; ukwenqaba ngaphandle kwesizathu (impilo, izizathu zenkolo) kungahunyushwa njengokungahloniphi noma ngisho nokusolisayo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuthosa kokuqala, kuyamukeleka ukwenqaba utshwala obengeziwe ngomusa, yize kufanele ulungele ukugcwaliswa kabusha ingilazi yakho izikhathi ezimbalwa. Ukuthosa kokugcina, okubonisa ukuthi ubusuku sebusondela esiphelweni, kwaziwa ngokuthi "Na konya!" ("Phambili!"), isifiso sohambo oluphephile oluya ekhaya.
Kukhona nohlu lwezinto okufanele uzigweme: ungadli ngaphambi kokuba wonke umuntu ahlale phansi; ungabeki izinyawo zakho etafuleni; ukukhamuluka esidlangalaleni ungambozi umlomo noma ukushaya ikhwela endlini kubhekwa njengeshwa; futhi ukulahla ukudla, ikakhulukazi isinkwa, kuyacasulwa, njengoba isinkwa siwuphawu lwenhlalakahle nokuchuma.
Imikhosi yomphakathi kanye nokuziqhenya ngesizwe
Kanye nemikhosi yenkolo, i-Ukraine igcina amaholide amaningi angokwenkolo, azuzwe ngokwengxenye enkathini yamaSoviet kanye nomlando wayo wakamuva njengombuso ozimele. Umhla ziyi-8 kuNdasa, uSuku Lwabesifazane Lomhlaba Wonke, ugujwa ngendlela efanayo noSuku Lomama: amadoda anikeza abesifazane izimbali nezipho ezincane emindenini yabo nasezindaweni zokusebenza.
Usuku lokunqoba lukaMeyi 9, olunikezelwe ekukhumbuleni labo abashona eMpini Yezwe II. Usuku lokunqoba lukaJuni 28 luwuSuku Lomthethosisekelo, kanti usuku lokuzimela luka-Agasti 24 luwusuku lokuzimela, usuku olugcwele izimpawu kusukela ngo-1991. Lolu suku lugujwa ngemibuthano, amakhonsathi, iziqhumane, kanye nokuba khona okukhulu kwamafulegi nezingubo zendabuko emigwaqweni.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukungqubuzana neRussia kanye nokuhlasela kuye kwabeka engcupheni izinkulungwane zezindawo zamasiko : iminyuziyamu, amathiyetha, imitapo yolwazi, nezakhiwo zomlando kuye kwalimala noma kwabhujiswa. Noma kunjalo, impendulo yomphakathi ibilokhu iwukuqinisa ukuvikelwa kolimi, ifa, namasiko, okuqondakala njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuqina kwezwe.
Lonke lolu chungechunge lwemikhosi, amasiko, ubuciko, ukudla kanye nezindlela zokuhlobana kuchaza ukuthi kungani, naphezu kwezimpi, indlala kanye nohulumeni wobushiqela, i-Ukraine isalokhu iyisizwe esinomqondo oqinile womphakathi, isiko namasiko agxilile aqhubeka nokudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane njengefa elihle kakhulu lesikhathi esizayo.