Uma sikhuluma ngezingubo zendabuko ezivela eZambia, eSenegal, naseNigeria , empeleni sivula umnyango womhlaba omkhulu wezindwangu ezahlukene, imiklamo, namasiko. Akukho "ingubo yase-Afrika" eyodwa kuphela, njengoba nje kungekho ulimi olulodwa noma uhlobo olulodwa lomculo olumelela lonke izwekazi. Noma kunjalo, uma sibheka ngokucophelela, sizobona ukuthi izinto ezithile ziyaphindaphindwa kulezi zindawo: ama-tunic agelezayo, ukotini olulula, ama-prints agqamile, kanye nokukhetha okucacile kwemibala egqamile.
Kulolu hambo sizobona ukuthi ukusebenza, isimo sezulu kanye nomlando wamasiko kuye kwabumba kanjani izingubo zendabuko emazweni afana neZambia, iSenegal neNigeria, kodwa futhi nokuthi lezi zitayela ziqondwa kanjani ngaphakathi komongo obanzi wase-Afrika.
Ingabe ikhona indlela evamile yokugqoka “yase-Afrika”?
Into yokuqala okufanele icaciswe ukuthi i-Afrika ayiyona into efanayo : kunemindeni eminingi yezilimi, izinkolo ezahlukahlukene, namasiko endawo ahlukahluka ngisho nakwabanye abantu. Uma kungekho ulimi olulodwa lwase-Afrika noma indlela yokucabanga engabizwa ngokuthi "yase-Afrika" ngaphandle kokungafani, kungaba yinto engenangqondo ukucabanga ukuthi kunesitayela esisodwa sendabuko sezingubo zezwekazi lonke.
Noma kunjalo, izici zokugqoka ezihlanganyelwe ziyavela ezindaweni ezithile . Emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa, isibonelo, ama-tunic amade, akhululekile avamile kwabesilisa nabesifazane, okuvumela umoya ukuthi ujikeleze futhi ugcine umzimba upholile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindwangu zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukotini, nakho kuvamile kakhulu, njengoba kulula ukuzigqoka ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama.
Elinye iphuzu elivamile uthando lombala namaphethini . Ngokungafani nokungazithibi kwamanye amasiko emhlabeni jikelele, engxenyeni enkulu ye-Afrika, imibala enamandla kanye nokwakheka okugcwele izimpawu kuyaziswa: imidwebo yejometri nezimbali, imiyalezo ebhaliwe, ngisho nemidwebo elandisa izindaba noma eveza ubuwena bomuntu ogqokile.
Kulolu hlaka olujwayelekile kufakwe izingubo zendabuko zaseZambia, eSenegal, naseNigeria , ezinezici ezithile namazwe angomakhelwane kodwa futhi zigcina izici zazo ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zazo, ezinkolweni, kanye nezimo ezithile zomlando.
Ukusebenza, isimo sezulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezingutsheni zendabuko
Ngaphandle kobuhle bazo, izingubo zendabuko emazweni ase-Afrika zibonisa kakhulu indlela yokusebenza kanye nokuzivumelanisa nemvelo . Isimo sezulu, isidingo senkululeko yokuhamba, uhlobo lomsebenzi wansuku zonke, kanye nezindinganiso zenkolo konke kuye kwathonya ukuthi yiziphi izingubo ezigqokwayo nokuthi zigqokwa kanjani.
ENtshonalanga Afrika, lapho iSenegal neNigeria zikhona , enye yezingubo eziphawulekayo yi- boubou . Iyingubo ende, ekhululekile, ngokuvamile ende njengeqakala, engaba lula noma ehlotshiswe ngemifekethiso eyinkimbinkimbi entanyeni nasesifubeni. Igqokwa ngamadoda nabesifazane, yize inezinhlobonhlobo zokusika nezesekeli.
Ibhulukwe labesilisa livame ukubhanqwa namabhulukwe "e-sokoto" , aqondile futhi alula, aklanyelwe ukunyakaza kalula nokuphefumula kalula. ENigeria naseSenegal, le ngubo ivame ukubonwa emikhosini yenkolo, emishadweni, emibuthanweni yomndeni, noma emihlanganweni ebalulekile, yize izinhlobo ezilula nazo zitholakala ekugqokeni kwansuku zonke.
Kwabesifazane, i-boubou ifanelana nokusika okuxegayo kanye nezindwangu ezigqamile nakakhulu , ngokuvamile ezihambisana nesikhafu noma isikhafu esingaba sikhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa akugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa elangeni kodwa futhi kuveza isimo, ubunikazi besiko, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isimo somshado noma indima yomphakathi yomuntu ogqokile.
Enyakatho yezwekazi, emazweni afana neMorocco, i-Algeria, neTunisia, ama-tunic amade njenge-djellaba avamile , ngokuvamile ane-hood futhi aklanyelwe, futhi, ukuvikela esimweni sezulu ngaphandle kokulahla induduzo. Nakuba lezi zindawo zingezona iZambia, iSenegal, noma iNigeria, zabelana ngesimiso esifanayo esiyisisekelo: izingubo ezikhululekile ezenziwe ngezindwangu ezilula ezivumelana nokushisa futhi zivumela inkululeko enkulu yokuhamba.
I-Dashiki, i-caftan nezinye izingubo ezidumile
Ngaphakathi kwezingubo zendabuko ezivela eNtshonalanga nase-Afrika Ephakathi, i- dashiki isibe ngesinye sezimpawu eziqashelwa kakhulu. Luhlobo lwehembe likakotini noma i-tunic, elikhululekile kakhulu futhi elingalingani, elinemidwebo egqamile kanye nokuhlobisa entanyeni nasesifubeni. ENigeria nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane, igqokwa kokubili ezindaweni ezingakahleleki kanye nasemikhosini, kuye ngendwangu kanye nekhwalithi yokuqeda.
I-dashiki ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nobuwena base-Afrika kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezimpande zayo . Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwayo kwansuku zonke emazweni avela kuwo, isithandwa kakhulu kubantu base-Afrika abangaphandle, ikakhulukazi eMelika naseYurophu, njengophawu lwamasiko. ENigeria, ingaba yingxenye yezingubo ezihlanganisiwe ezinebhulukwe lendabuko kanye nesigqoko (njenge-Yoruba fila), ngaleyo ndlela iqinisa ubuwena bobuhlanga kanye nesifunda.
Ngaphakathi komndeni ofanayo wezingubo ezinde, sithola i- caftan (noma i-kaftan) , ingubo evame ukuhlotshiswa ngemifekethiso enemininingwane. Nakuba leli gama lisetshenziswa emasikweni amaningi aseMedithera naseMpumalanga Eseduze, eNtshonalanga Afrika seliyingxenye yezingubo zomkhosi, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesifazane, abaligqoka ngezikhathi ezikhethekile kanye nobucwebe obufanayo, izigqoko, nezicathulo.
Ezindaweni ezinethonya elinamandla lamaSulumane, kokubili eNtshonalanga Afrika nasezingxenyeni ezithile zaseNigeria naseSenegal, i -baya nayo iyavela —ingubo ende, egelezayo ehlanganiswa ngabesifazane abaningi ne- hijab , noma isihenqo samaSulumane. Kulokhu, ngaphezu kwenduduzo nokuvikelwa elangeni, ingxenye yenkolo iyasetshenziswa, njengoba inhloso iwukuhambisana nemithetho ethile yesizotha.
Ngamafuphi, zonke lezi zingubo ezinde nezikhululekile—i-dashiki, i-caftan, i-abaya, i-boubou—zakha umndeni omkhulu wama -tunic ajwayele isimo sezulu kanye nokuphila komphakathi , okuyinto izwe ngalinye kanye nomphakathi ngamunye abayibona ngemibala yabo, izinto zokwakha kanye nezindlela zokuzigqoka.
Izindwangu nemiklamo edumile eningizimu nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika
Nakuba sigxile eZambia, eSenegal, naseNigeria, kuyasiza ukubheka amanye amazwe ukuze siqonde umongo wezindwangu zesifunda. ENingizimu Afrika, isibonelo, i-shweshwe iyindwangu ethandwayo ephrintiwe kakotini esetshenziselwa izingubo nezingubo zendabuko. Amaphethini ayo ejometri nemibala egqamile sekuwuphawu lwemishado nemikhosi.
Phakathi kwabantu baseXhosa, nabo eningizimu, kunengubo yendabuko ehlukile equkethe iziketi, amahembe, nezingubo ezihlotshiswe ngobuhlalu kanye nokuhlobisa. Lezi zingubo zivame ukugcinelwa imikhosi, amasiko okudlula, noma imikhosi emikhulu, futhi zibonisa ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwezingubo kanye nobunikazi bomphakathi.
Imvunulo yesiNdebele, yona, ivelele ngemibala yayo egqamile kanye nobuningi bamabhere . Ibonakala kalula ngemigexo, amasongo, kanye nemihlobiso ehlobisa izindwangu, okwenza iqembu elikhangayo. Nakuba la masiko engewona awaseZambia, eSenegal, noma eNigeria, abelana nawo ngendlela yokuhlobisa kanye nokusebenzisa izingubo njengendlela yokuveza amasiko.
Uma sibheka emuva eNtshonalanga Afrika, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nge -kente , enye yezindwangu ezidumile kakhulu kuleli zwekazi, ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu neGhana. Njengoba ilukwe ngesandla ngokwesiko ngemicu emincane bese ithungwa ndawonye, i-kente ibonakala ngemibala yayo ecebile, ephuzi njengesisekelo esivamile, kanye nezimpawu zayo ezingokomfanekiso. Inhlanganisela ngayinye yemibala kanye nokwakheka ingaba nencazelo ethile, ehlobene nomlando, igunya, noma ukuhlakanipha.
Enye indwangu eyaziwayo yi- shuka , edumile phakathi kwamaMaasai aseKenya naseTanzania. Yindwangu, evame ukuba nama-checks abomvu noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, egoqwe emzimbeni. Nakuba iyahlukahluka kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kanye neqembu, ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa nesithombe sakudala seqhawe lamaMaasai. Futhi, nakuba ingeyona eyamazwe ayinhloko esihlokweni sethu, iyasiza ukubonisa ukwehlukahlukana kwezitayela ngaphakathi kwezwekazi.
IZambia, iSenegal neNigeria: amaphuzu okuhlangana nokwehlukana
Manje uma sibheka amazwe amathathu okukhulunywe ngawo, kungashiwo ukuthi iZambia, iSenegal neNigeria zisebenzisa izindwangu zikakotini eziphrintiwe, izicucu ezikhululekile nezingubo ezenzelwe ukushisa, kodwa ngayinye iyazinika umuzwa wayo wamasiko.
EZambia, ithonya lezindwangu ze-kitenge noma ze-chitenge libonakala kakhulu. Lezi yizindwangu zikakotini eziphrintiwe ezithengiswa yi-meter, ezisetshenziswa ngabesifazane ukwenza iziketi, izingubo zokugqoka, ama-headscarf, noma ngisho nama-apron. Indwangu eyodwa ingashintshwa ukuze isetshenziswe ngezindlela eziningi, okubonisa indlela ewusizo kakhulu yokugqoka.
ISenegal, enkabeni yeNtshonalanga Afrika, yenze izindwangu eziprintiwe nge-boubou kanye ne-wax zaba uphawu lobuntu bayo. Abesifazane bavame ukugqoka izingubo ezintathu: isiketi, ibhulawuzi, kanye nesikhafu noma i-turban, konke kuhlanganiswe ngombala nangephethini. Abesilisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakhetha ama-tunic amade, ngezinye izikhathi enziwe ngezindwangu ezithambile, emikhosini yenkolo, emikhosini yomndeni, noma emicimbini esemthethweni.
INigeria, izwe elikhulu nelihlukahlukene kakhulu, liziqhenya ngendwangu ecebile yamasiko endwangu nezingubo, ahlukahluka ngokwesifunda nangohlanga. Phakathi kwamaYoruba, i -aso ebi ithole udumo emhlabeni wonke . Lo mkhuba womphakathi uhilela umndeni nabangani ukukhetha indwangu efanayo yomcimbi (njengomshado), ukuze noma ngabe umklamo wengubo uhlukile, iphethini ihlonze labo abangamalungu eqembu elifanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNigeria inezinhlobonhlobo ze-boubou, i-dashiki, kanye ne-caftans, kanye nezindwangu zendabuko ezifana ne -aso oke , ezijiyile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezivame ukugcinelwa imicimbi ekhethekile. Enyakatho yeNigeria, isifunda esinamaSulumane amaningi, izingubo nezitayela nazo zibonakala zifana nobuhle bezingubo zaseSahel naseMaghreb, ezinezicucu ezilula kodwa imininingwane ecebile yokuhlobisa nezesekeli.
Isimanje kanye nesiko: imfashini yasemadolobheni kanye nezimpande zamasiko
Uma kukhona into eyodwa ehlukanisa izingubo zase-Afrika zanamuhla, yindlela isiko kanye nesimanje ezihlala ngayo ndawonye . Emadolobheni afana neLagos (Nigeria), Dakar (Senegal), noma iLusaka (Zambia), kuyinto evamile ukubona abantu bexuba amabhulukwe ebhulukwe, ama-sneakers, kanye nama-t-shirt aseNtshonalanga nezinto zendabuko: ama-tunic, iziketi eziphrintiwe, amajakethi aphrintiwe nge-wax, noma izigqoko zekhanda ezikhangayo.
Ukwanda kwabaklami bendawo kuye kwaholela ekuhunyushweni kabusha kwezingubo zendabuko . ENigeria, isibonelo, abaklami abaningi basebenza ngezindwangu zendabuko kodwa basebenzisa izindlela zesimanje: amajakethi enziwe nge-kente noma i-wax prints, izingubo zakusihlwa ezilingisa izithunzi zaseYurophu kodwa zihlonipha amaphethini endabuko, noma amasudi abesilisa ahlanganisa iphethini yaseNtshonalanga yeblazer nebhulukwe nezindwangu zase-Afrika.
ESenegal, imfashini yasemadolobheni iye yavumelanisa i -boubou kanye ne-caftan nokuphila kwanamuhla, yanciphisa ubude, yanciphisa imikhono, futhi yazama izinto ezintsha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ingqikithi yengubo. Futhi eZambia, ama-chitenge ahlanganiswa nama-t-shirt ayisisekelo, ama-sweatshirts, noma amajakethi ukudala izingubo ezifashini kakhulu ngaphandle kokungqubuzana nobuhle bendawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu base-Afrika abangaphandle kwezwe balethe lezi zingubo nezindwangu eYurophu, eMelika, nakwezinye izindawo zomhlaba . I-Dashiki, i-kente, izindwangu eziprintiwe nge-wax, kanye nama-turban ase-Afrika kube izimpawu zobunikazi nokuziqhenya, futhi kwezinye izimo, zokuqinisekiswa kwezepolitiki namasiko. I-catwalk kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana zandise lo mkhuba, okwaholela abantu abaningi ekubeni nesithakazelo encazelweni kanye nemvelaphi yalezi zingubo.
Kulokhu kuhlangana okuhlala njalo phakathi kwendawo kanye nomhlaba wonke, izingubo zendabuko zaseZambia, eSenegal, naseNigeria ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengezimpawu zobunikazi kanye nenkumbulo ehlangene , ngenkathi zingena emakethe yemfashini yamazwe ngamazwe ngeziphakamiso ezintsha nezokudala.
Ekugcineni, izingubo zendabuko zaseZambia, eSenegal, naseNigeria, kanye noboya bazo obulula, imihlobiso egqamile, kanye nezingubo ezinde, akuyona nje indaba yobuhle: kuyisimo esibonakalayo semilando ehlukahlukene, izimo zezulu, izinkolo, kanye nezindlela zokuphila ezihlangana kuyo yonke imithungo kanye nombala ngamunye.