Uma unesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngempilo eZweni Elingcwele, uzobona ukuthi i-Israyeli yindawo lapho amasiko asendulo kanye nesimanje kuhlangana khona ngokulinganisela okumangalisayo. Akuyona nje izwe, kodwa inhlanganisela yobuntu lapho ubuJuda bulawula khona isigqi sansuku zonke, noma ngabe buhambisana nesimo sengqondo esiphambili kakhulu nesixubile.
Ukuze uqonde leli cala laseMpumalanga Ephakathi, umuntu kufanele ahlole inhlanganisela yalo yamathonya amasiko . Njengoba ayengabantu abazulazulayo amakhulu eminyaka, amaJuda amukela amasiko avela kuzo zonke izindawo ayehlala kuzo, adale isiko elixubile eliye lasebenza njengesihlangu namandla ashukumisayo obunye ngokumelene neminye imiphakathi.
Izisekelo zobuJuda
Ingqikithi yalo ubuJuda, obuyinkolo endala kunazo zonke ezikholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. Izimiso zalo zisekelwe kuTorah , noma iPentateuch , engagcini nje ngokusungula ukholo kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, kodwa futhi nemithetho yokuziphatha eqinile kakhulu.
Kuye ngokuthi le mithetho ilandelwa ngokuqinile kangakanani, sithola amagatsha ahlukene: ama-Orthodox , angochwepheshe kakhulu; ama -Conservative ; ama-Reform , avumelana nezimo kakhudlwana; kanye nama -Secular , azizwa engamaJuda ngobuntu nangamasiko kodwa awenzi amasiko.
Ngokuphathelene nolimi, isiHebheru sanamuhla siwulimi olusemthethweni nolungcwele, yize umlando wokufuduka ushiye imikhondo efana ne-Yiddish ne-Ladino. Leli khono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo livumele ukuthi kube nobunye obumangalisayo bamasiko emhlabeni wonke naphezu kokusabalala kwezindawo .
Imikhuba yokudlula kanye nemikhosi engcwele
Kusukela ekuzalweni, impilo yamaJuda iphawulwa yizimpawu. Ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili ngemva kokuzalwa, abafana badlula eBrit Milah, noma ukusoka , okumelela isivumelwano saphakade phakathi kukaNkulunkulu no-Abrahama. Kamuva kufika iBar Mitzvah (yabafana abaneminyaka engu-13 kanye neBat Mitzvah yamantombazane abaneminyaka engu-12), okuyilapho umphakathi uqaphela khona ukuthi umuntu osemusha usefinyelele ekuvuthweni komuntu siqu futhi unesibopho sezenzo zakhe ngaphansi komthetho wenkolo.
Uma sikhuluma ngemishado, kukhona into ethinta inhliziyo kakhulu: umkhwenyana uphula ingilazi ngonyawo lwakhe. Lesi senzo asizange senzeke ngengozi; sisebenza ukukhumbula ukubhujiswa kweThempeli eJerusalema nokugcina inkumbulo yomlando yabantu iphila.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSabatha liyinsika yesonto; kusukela ngoLwesihlanu ekushoneni kwelanga kuze kube uMgqibelo ebusuku, noma yimuphi umsebenzi awuvunyelwe ukulingisa ukuphumula kukaNkulunkulu ngemva kokudalwa komhlaba.
Ukudla kanye nomqondo we-Kosher
Ukudla kwa-Israyeli kufana nokungena ezweni lemithetho eqinile. Ukudla kwe-kosher kwenqabela ngokuqinile ukudla ingulube ne-shellfish, njengoba lokhu kubhekwa njengezilwane ezingcolile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igazi alivunyelwe, ngakho-ke inyama kumele idlule enkambisweni yokuhlanzwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-shechita. Yingakho ungeke ubone amasoseji endabuko ematafuleni ama-Orthodox.
Omunye wemithetho eshaqisa kakhulu abantu bakwamanye amazwe ukuhlukaniswa kobisi nenyama . Inyama kukholakala ukuthi imele ukufa nokuphila kobisi, ngakho akufanele ixutshwe. AmaKristu obu-Orthodox alinda amahora amaningana phakathi kokudla inyama nokuphuza ubisi, futhi asebenzisa nezitsha ezihluke ngokuphelele eqenjini ngalinye lokudla.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, izitsha ezifana ne-falafel esinkweni se-pita ziyizindlovu zomgwaqo, okubonisa ukuthi ukudla okuhlukahlukene okucebile okuvela ekufudukeni.
Izingubo kanye nemikhuba yomphakathi
Izingubo ebuJudeni akuyona nje indaba yemfashini, kodwa yesizotha nokholo. Amadoda avame ukugqoka i- kippah , isigqoko esincane esisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi uNkulunkulu uhlala ephezu kwawo. Emiphakathini yama-Orthodox kakhulu, kuvamile ukubona amadoda egqoke izindandatho futhi egqoke amasudi amnyama.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, kukhona umthetho weBhayibheli ovimbela ukuxuba uboya nelineni engutsheni efanayo, into abasayigcina ngokuqinile. Kwabesifazane, indima iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi bangobani. Emkhakheni wama-Orthodox, isizotha siyisihluthulelo , ngakho abesifazane abashadile bavame ukumboza izinwele zabo ngezikhafu noma ama-wig.
Kukhona nemithetho ephathelene nokusondelana, njengokusebenzisa i- mikveh (ukugeza ngamanzi agobhozayo) ukuze kuhlanzwe ngemva kokubeletha noma ukuya esikhathini ngaphambi kokubuyela ebuhlotsheni bobulili. Kulezi zimo, owesifazane ungumqaphi wekhaya kanye nesiko , egxilisa impilo yakhe ekukhuliseni izingane.
Usizi, umzimba kanye nengokomoya
Isidumbu sibhekwa njengesingcwele. Ngakho-ke, umthetho wamaJuda uyakwenqabela ukudweba ama-tattoo nokubhoboza . Kukhona ngisho nesiko elibizwa ngokuthi i-Upsherin, lapho izinwele zezingane zingagundwa khona kuze kube yilapho sezineminyaka emithathu ubudala, kuqhathaniswe ukukhula kwazo nokwezihlahla zezithelo. Ngokuphathelene nokufa, isikhathi sokulila sinzima kakhulu: ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-30, umndeni uvame ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwawo ekhaya , futhi umculo awuvunyelwe unyaka wonke.
Ngesikhathi sokungcwaba, ukushiswa kwesidumbu kugwenywa ngazo zonke izindlela. Izidumbu kumele zilale zixhumene ngqo nomhlabathi ongcolile futhi azikwazi ukungcwatshwa endaweni ephakeme. Uma umuntu efa ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, kwenziwa umzamo omkhulu wokubuyisa zonke izingcezu zesidumbu ukuqinisekisa ukungcwatshwa okuphelele.
Ubuciko, isiko kanye nomphakathi wanamuhla
Ngaphandle kwenkolo, i-Israyeli iyindlu yamasiko enamandla. Izwe liyanyakaziswa yinhlangano yamaZionist , eyakhuthaza ukudalwa kombuso ngo-1948.
Namuhla, amadolobha afana neTel Aviv neHaifa ayizikhungo ezisezingeni eliphezulu lapho iHabima Theatre kanye nomdanso wesimanje (onama-choreographer afana ne-Ohad Naharin) kunomthelela emhlabeni jikelele. Umculo nawo uyisisekelo, kusukela kumdanso wendabuko we -Hora kuya ku-Israel Philharmonic.
Ukuhamba eShuk noma ezimakethe , njengeMahane Yehuda, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yezwe; lapho ungathola khona konke kusukela ezinongo kuya kokhilimu bobuciko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Israel ingumholi kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe , igcina umphakathi lapho izinhlangano zentsha kanye nama-scout (tzofim) zihlala ziyizinto ezibalulekile ekwakheni ubuzwe.
Ukuba khona kwale mithetho eqinile kanye nenkululeko yokukhulekela evunyelwe kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe esezingeni eliphezulu kwenza u-Israyeli abe yindawo eyingqayizivele, lapho ukholo lwasendulo kanye nentuthuko kuhambisana khona ukuchaza izimpilo zezigidi zabantu enkabeni yeMpumalanga Ephakathi.