Wake watshelwa ukuthi azikho izinkathi eColombia wabe usumangala ngokuphelele? Iqiniso liwukuthi Kuleli lizwe, izinkathi ezine zakudala zentwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla kanye nobusika azinazo izinkathi. njengaseYurophu noma eSouthern Cone, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi isimo sezulu siyadina noma siyacasula nganoma iyiphi indlela. Eqinisweni, emahoreni ambalwa nje ngemoto ungasuka ogwini lwaseCaribbean olushisayo uye endaweni eyomile noma edolobheni elinamazinga okushisa afana nentwasahlobo njalo.
Okubalulekile wukuthi I-Colombia itholakala enhliziyweni ye- indawo ye-intertropical, eduze kakhulu ne-equatorLokhu kuphumela emisebeni yelanga efanayo unyaka wonke, ubude bemini nobusuku bushintsha kancane futhi izinga lokushisa lingahlangabezani nokushintshashintsha okuvamile kwezinkathi ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Esikhundleni sezinkathi ezine zendabuko, lapha sikhuluma kakhulu ngezikhathi ezimbili ezinkulu: isizini yemvula (ebizwa ngokuthi ubusika) kanye nesizini eyomile ("ihlobo" lendawo), nazo ezihlelwe ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngesifunda.
Kungani iColombia ingenazo izinkathi ezine ezifana neYurophu?
Incazelo yokuthi kungani I-Colombia ayilandeli iphethini yesizini yezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile Kusekelwe kusayensi yezinkanyezi eyisisekelo: emazweni akude ne-equator, ukuthambekela kwe-axis yoMhlaba kubangela ukuthi inani lemisebe yelanga lihlukahluke kakhulu kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka, okudala lezo zinkathi ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, endaweni ye-equator, iLanga likhanya cishe ngokuma phakathi nonyaka.
Lokho kuhumushela ku Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lanyanga zonke alishintshi kakhulu kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba.Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elibizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa livame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-5°C cishe kulo lonke elaseColombia, futhi ezindaweni ezifana ne-Amazon lifinyelela cishe ku-1°C. Okushintsha kakhulu yimvula: AmaColombia azizwa ukudlula konyaka kakhulu ngezikhathi zemvula nezomile kunasemakhazeni noma ekushiseni.
Nakuba i-equinox yasentwasahlobo neyasekwindla kanye ne-solstice nakho kwenzeka ngokwezinkanyezi, Imiphumela yayo esimweni sezulu eColombia ayibonakali nhlobo.Ngeke ubone izihlahla zilahlekelwa amaqabunga azo ngobuningi noma ziwe kakhulu iqhwa ngezikhathi ezithile; izitshalo zihlala ziluhlaza engxenyeni enkulu yezwe futhi iqhwa livela kuphela eziqongweni eziphakeme kakhulu zezintaba.
Lesi simo siphindaphindwa kwamanye amazwe atholakala ezindaweni ezifanayo. I-Ecuador, iVenezuela, iPeru, iPanama, iNicaragua, iGuatemala, iBrazil, iBolivia, iMexico kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-Afrika eshisayo Futhi azinazo izinkathi ezine zakudala, kodwa kunalokho zisebenza ngezinguquko zemvula nesomiso ezifana kakhulu nezaseColombia.
Yiziphi "izinkathi" zangempela eColombia
Uma ubuza noma yimuphi umuntu waseColombia ukuthi izwe linaziphi izinkathi zonyaka, uzokutshela lokho. Kukhona ubusika nehlobo lapha, kodwa hhayi ngomqondo waseYurophu.Ubusika buhambisana nenkathi yemvula noma yemvula, kanti ihlobo lihambisana nenkathi yemvula eyomile noma yemvula encane. Izinga lokushisa, ngaphandle kokuphakama, lihlala lizinzile kakhulu, ngakho-ke "ushintsho lwesizini" luyabonakala lapho imvula iqala noma iphela.
Engxenyeni enkulu yensimu, Izinkathi zonyaka zisekelwe emvuleni kuphela: izinkathi zemvula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkathi ezomileUkusatshalaliswa kwalezi zikhathi kuncike kakhulu esifundeni: Isifunda sase-AndeanICaribbean, i-Eastern Plains, iPacific kanye ne-Amazon zilandela amakhalenda ahlukene, ngezindawo ze-bimodal (izinkathi zemvula ezimbili ngonyaka) kanye nezindawo ze-monomodal (isizini yemvula eyodwa, echazwe kahle).
Ubusika eColombia: isikhathi semvula
Lokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubusika kufana izinyanga lapho imvula ivame khonaNgokuvamile, ezindaweni eziningi zaseCaribbean Coast, e-Eastern Plains nasezindaweni eziningi zezintaba, imvula ivame ukuba khona phakathi kuka-Ephreli no-Okthoba, yize kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifunda.
Ezindaweni ezifana nalezi Ugu lwase-Atlantic, iLlanos, iSigodi saseCauca kanye nezigodi zaseMagdalena ezingenhlaImvula ngokuvamile iphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. U-Agasti ungasebenza njengenyanga yokushintsha eyomile, eyaziwa kwezinye izindawo ngokuthi "ihlobo laseNdiya lika-Agasti," yize ingenzeki minyaka yonke futhi ayifani kulo lonke izwe.
Emadolobheni anesimo sezulu esibandayo sase-Andean, njenge IBogotá noma iTunja, i-Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) Iphawula ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kungokwezikhathi ezimbili: uJanuwari, uFebhuwari, uJulayi no-Agasti kubhekwa njengomile kakhulu, kuyilapho izinkathi zemvula zenzeka kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni kanye kusukela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaDisemba.
Ngokuphambene, la Isifunda sase-Amazon kanye nogu lwaseColombia olusePacific luphila cishe ngaphansi kwemvula unyaka wonkeKulezi zindawo, imvula iningi kakhulu futhi ihlala njalo kangangokuthi ayikho inkathi yesomiso echazwe kahle; kunezinyanga eziningi ezinemvula encane kancane, kodwa umuzwa ojwayelekile ungowomswakama ohlala njalo.
Le ndlela yokuna kwemvula ibalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nomnotho wasemakhaya: izitshalo, isivuno kanye nokutholakala kwamanzi Zincike kakhulu ekutheni izinkathi zemvula zifika nini nokuthi zinde kangakanani noma ziphuze kangakanani kunalokho obekulindelekile.
Ihlobo eColombia: isizini eyomile
Ihlobo elibizwa ngokuthi iColombia libhekisela ku- Izinyanga ezinemvula encane, hhayi ukushisa okukhulu ngempelaEngxenyeni enkulu yoGu lwaseCaribbean, ezintabeni eziphakeme, eSigodini saseCauca kanye nasezigodini zaseMagdalena ezingenhla, isikhathi esomile kakhulu siqala ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, kanti uJanuwari noFebhuwari ngokuvamile kuyizinyanga ezicacile kakhulu.
Kulesi simo, u-Agasti ngezinye izikhathi uzwakala njengekhefu elifushane elomile phakathi nonyaka, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izindawo zase-Andean, lapho kubonakala khona njenge- ikhefu ekujuleni kwemvulaNoma kunjalo, akufanele sizithele ngabandayo: ngisho nasenkathini yesomiso, imvula enkulu ingaba khona, kodwa ngeke ivame kakhulu futhi izoba mfushane ngesikhathi.
Kunezindawo ezibonakala zihlala ehlobo elihlala njalo. I-Guajira Peninsula, izingxenye zogu lwaseCaribbean kanye ne-Tatacoa Desert Lezi yizindawo ezomile noma ezomile kancane lapho imvula ingabi khona isikhathi esiningi sonyaka. Kulezi zindawo, umehluko phakathi kweColombia yonke, elinye lamazwe anemvula kakhulu emhlabeni, umangalisa kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba kwakunjalo kakade ebusika, I-Amazon nePacific azinawo ihlobo elomileLapho, imvula ihlala iphezulu phakathi nezinyanga eziyishumi nambili, futhi izakhamuzi zihlukanisa kakhulu phakathi kwezikhathi zemvula enkulu kanye nezikhathi zemvula "emaphakathi".
Sekukonke, kungashiwo ukuthi Indlela eyinhloko "yokumaka ikhalenda" eColombia ukushintshana phakathi komswakama kanye nesomisongezinguquko eziphawulekayo zesifunda, ngaphezu kwezinguquko zokushisa ezichaza izinkathi ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Izindawo ezinkulu zezulu zaseColombia
Ngaphandle kwegama lobuchwepheshe lesimo sezulu ngasinye, kuyasiza ukuhlanganisa indawo ibe yizigaba ezimbili. izifunda ezinkulu ezintathu zesimo sezulu ezinezici ezifanayookusiza ukuqonda ukuthi imvula kanye namazinga okushisa ahlelwe kanjani ezweni:
- Isifunda saseSavanna (amathafa aseCaribbean)Lesi sifunda sihlanganisa iCaribbean kanye namaThafa ase-Orinoco. Nakuba zihlukaniswe yizintaba, zabelana ngezici ezifanayo: amathafa amakhulu anesimo sezulu se-savanna esishisayo (Aw), esinezinkathi ezimbili ezihlukene—isizini ende, ecacile kakhulu yesomiso kanye nesizini yemvula emfushane kodwa enamandla kakhulu. ECaribbean, amaphethini emvula ye-bimodal avame ukuba khona, kanye nesizini eyomile kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuMeyi kanye kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, kanye nesizini yemvula kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi kanye kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba. Esifundeni sase-Orinoco, imvula ivame ukuba khona kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi, kanye nesizini eyomile kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli, kanye nephethini yemodal eyodwa emagqumeni amathafa (isizini eyomile kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi kanye nesizini yemvula kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba). ELa Guajira, izimo zezulu ezomile nezomile kancane ziyahlangana.
- Isifunda esikhulu sehlathi (iPacific-Amazon)Ihlanganisa izifunda ze-Amazon nePacific, ezixhunywe yizindawo eziningi zehlathi lemvula kanye nehlathi lamafu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. [Okulandelayo kubonakala kungahlobene futhi mhlawumbe kuyisiqeshana sombhalo esihlukile:] isimo sezulu sase-equator Af, kunomswakama omkhulu futhi kufudumele unyaka wonkeI-Colombian Pacific ingenye yezindawo ezinemvula kakhulu emhlabeni, enemvula engadlula amamilimitha ayi-10.000 ngonyaka kwezinye izindawo, kanti i-Amazon ayivamile ukuba ngaphansi kwamamilimitha ayi-2.500 ngonyaka.
- isifunda sase-Andean kanye nesifunda sase-Andean esiphakathi kwe-AndeanIsifunda esihlukahlukene kakhulu sihlanganisa iSifunda sase-Andean kanye nezigodi zaso zaseMagdalena naseCauca. Ezindaweni eziphansi, kunezimo zezulu ezifudumele zasezindaweni ezishisayo (Am, Aw, As), kanti ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.000, kunezimo zezulu ezilandelayo: ukuphakama okuphezulu okupholile i-Cfbi ne-CsbiNgaphezu kwesimo sezulu esinamafu kanye neqhwa. Umbuso ngokuvamile uhambisana nezikhathi ezimbili zonyaka, kanye nezinkathi ezimbili zesomiso (uJuni-Septhemba kanye noDisemba-Mashi) kanye nezinkathi ezimbili zemvula (uMashi-Meyi kanye noSepthemba-Novemba), lesi sakamuva sivame ukuba sikhulu kakhulu.
Lonke loluhlaka lwenza kube njalo IColombia iyizwe lapho kungekho khona izinkathi ezine zendabuko, kodwa kunohlu olukhulu lwezimo zezulu, izindawo ezishisayo, kanye namaphethini emvula.Esikhundleni sokulandela ikhalenda lentwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla kanye nobusika, impilo yansuku zonke igxile ekutheni lizokuna noma lizokuba nesomiso, kanye nokuphakama kwendawo umuntu ahlala kuyo, okunquma ukuthi umuntu uchitha unyaka egqoke imikhono emifushane, egqoke ijazi elilula noma egqoke ijazi elikhulu.